| Since the reform and opening up,with the advancement of the reform of the market economy and the reform of the political system,China’s social management system and the relations between government and society have been undergoing continuous changes.The environment for the development of social organizations has gradually improved,their number has grown rapidly,and they are gradually playing an increasingly important role in many social fields.On the whole,the development of Chinese social organizations has undergone several changes and adjustments,and the operational characteristics and development changes of social organizations have also attracted extensive attention from the academic community.However,in China’s special social situation,the development of social organizations is closely related to government policies.The review and analysis of the change process of social organization policies is helpful to reflect on the shortcomings of current policies,provide reference for the improvement of social organization policy system,and promote the development of social organizations.Existing researches mostly start from the management system and the relationship between government and society,and lay stress on the interpretation of the policy changes of social organizations from the macro institutional logic,and pay attention to the guiding policies and the institutional environment they shape,but lack of systematic analysis of the policy text from the micro level.Based on this,this study selected 185 social organization policy documents issued since the reform and opening up as the research object.With the help of NVivo,a qualitative analysis tool,the basic attribute characteristics of all policies were firstly visualized.Then,the policy text is encoded,and the core nodes of the three dimensions of policy objectives,policy content and policy means are summarized.And through the visualization function of NVivo12,the process of policy changes in these three aspects and the characteristics of each child node are analyzed by descriptive statistics.Finally,based on the policy learning theory,combined with the development of social organizations and the process and background of policy changes,the law and logic of China’s social organization policy changes are discussed.Based on the characteristics of policy change,historical background and the development of social organizations,this paper divides the process of policy change of Chinese social organizations into three stages: 1984-2000,2001-2012,and 2013-present.From the perspective of policy learning,it is found that: on the one hand,policy learning in different periods is different.From 1984 to 2000,policy changes were mainly driven by "learning-learning",and policy tools of social organizations were initially established.From 2001 to 2012,the government learning model was the main policy change process,and the social organization supervision policy system was basically perfect.Since 2013,there has been a change of policy paradigm based on social learning.The concept of national governance and the overall cognitive concept of social organizations have changed,and the management system of social organizations has achieved a breakthrough reform.On the other hand,the three policy learning modes of "learning-learning",government learning and social learning also interweave and coexist in each stage of the policy change of social organizations,leading to different effects and jointly guiding the path of the policy change of social organizations.In this sense,we can discuss the logic of China’s social organization policy change from three aspects: tool,structure and concept.From the perspective of tools,the evolution of China’s social organization policy follows the logical path of constructing the management system of modern social organizations from blank policy tools to multiple policy tools and from movement to routine.At the structural level,pursuing an open policy network and realizing the goal of "good governance" are the driving forces to promote the policy reform of social organizations.The policy structure changes from a closed network dominated by the government to an open and pluralistic policy network of modern governance.At the conceptual level,the change of the cognitive concepts of the party and government organs,social organizations and the public determines the choice of the path of policy construction and promotes the change of the policy paradigm.In addition,path dependence,key events,situational and conceptual changes and other factors also have an impact on the policy changes of social organizations.In general,with the changes of China’s social organization policies,the policy system of social organizations is gradually improving,and social organizations are also developing continuously.However,it should not be ignored that the current reform is not complete,the policy effectiveness is low,the registration threshold is high,the policy tool orientation focusing on strengthening supervision,the government’s topdown leading policy network and other problems still exist.In view of this,the policy system of China’s social organizations still needs to be optimized: further implement the strategy of streamlining administration and delegating power to build a good cooperative relationship between the government and social organizations;We will strengthen the cultivation,support and capacity building of social organizations,and support and guide them to improve their ability to provide social services and become more professional.To promote the opening of the policy network of social organizations,and to promote the integration of policy ideas of multiple subjects;We will continue to improve the policy system for social organizations,promote the formulation of highly effective laws and regulations,and establish and improve supporting policies. |
