Research On The Dimension Of Historical Materialism Of Marx’s View Of The People’s Subject

The development of the modern European labor movement and Marx’s participation in and guidance of the labor movement laid the foundation for Marx’s view of the people’s subject in practice.Epicurus’ s atomism,Rousseau’s "sovereignty in the people",Hegel and Feuerbach’s subjective ideas are the theoretical origins of Marx’s view of the people’s subject.From "Doctoral Dissertation" to "German Ideology" is the formation period of Marx’s view of the people’s subject.Marx has gradually formed the view of people’s subject through the transformation from the subject of "self-consciousness" to the subject of people’s rationality and then to the subject of species-essence.From "Communist Manifesto" to "Criticism of the Gotha Program" is the development period of Marx’s view of the people’s subject,and it is also the inner process of the formation and enrichment of Marx’s historical materialism,during this period Marx’s view of the people’s subject is in a state of continuous improvement and enrichment.Based on practice,Marx reveals that "realistic individuals" actively transform nature and human society through their own material practice,thereby continuously creating human social history.Based on this,Marx affirmed that the people,as the actual undertaker of material production in capitalist society,are the subject power to transform nature and human society.He also analyzed and pointed out that the people can certainly eliminate private ownership and spontaneous division of labor through their own material and revolutionary practices,thus completing the transformation from a capitalist society to a communist society,breaking the domination of capital and bourgeoisie over the people,and then realizing the liberation of themselves and the entire mankind,truly grasping the direction of human history,and establishing their subject status in human social history.Therefore,in the Communist society,the people can give full play to their own initiative in economic,political and cultural activities,thus becoming the economic,political and cultural subjects.Furthermore,the establishment of the people’s subject status is the product of the development of social production relations to a certain historical stage,so the people’s subject is based on the social subject.In addition,through the implementation of public ownership and distribution on demand,the people can let the accumulated material wealth serve themselves,so the people’s subject has achieved the sublation of the capital subject.By criticizing the idealistic subject view,the humanistic subject view and the capital subject view,Marx formed the concept of the people as the subject,so Marx’s view of the people’s subject contains criticism.The masses of the people can not only realize the sublation of the capital subject in their own material and revolutionary practices,thereby creating conditions for establishing their own subject status,but also can rely on their own practice to promote the establishment of communism public ownership,thereby realizing their own liberation,so Marx’s view of the people’s subject is practical.Marx established the subject status of the people from the "realistic individual ",the basic contradiction of society and the replacement of social form,so Marx’s view of the people’s subject is not an assumption,it is scientific in itself.This shows that Marx’s view of the people’s subject is based on historical materialism and at the same time enriches and develops historical materialism.The contemporary significance of Marx’s view of the people’s subject lies in: theoretically speaking,it not only helps to grasp the true connotation of historical materialism,but also provides support for the "People-centered Philosophy of Development";practically speaking,it has important enlightening significance for understanding the "Good Life".