Research On Marx’s People’s Subject Thought And Its Contemporary Value

Throughout the history of human social development,people have emerged as a concept of political philosophy.The bourgeoisie established the modern political state by overthrowing royal power,established the natural human rights and sovereignty in the people in law,and endowed the people with the core conceptual status of modern political discourse.However,because the bourgeoisie only defends "the human right of private property" through the state power,no matter how politically it whitewash the interests of its own class into the general interests of the people,it will not change the non-freedom of laborers in civil society.Therefore,the concept of "people" emphasized by the bourgeoisie is illusory.Marx was clearly aware of this,and he established the concept of people with class exclusiveness and broad inclusion based on the materialist view of history and the theory of surplus value,which took the proletariat as the core essence and extended to the middle class including "shopkeepers,craftsmen and merchants",as well as the peasants and petty bourgeoisie,and is essentially equivalent to the vast number of workers engaged in productive labor.The establishment of this realistic concept of the people transcends the illusory nature of the concept of the bourgeois people.Of course,the study of Marx’s thought of people’s subject cannot be separated from the investigation of the concept of people’s subject.Since modern western philosophy liberated the person as the subject of "I think" from the shackles of religious theology,the subject has become the basic paradigm of modern western philosophy.However,"I think subject","rational subject","absolute spirit" subject and "self-consciousness" subject,etc.,in the final analysis,are all following the spiritual freedom of man,and the historical view constructed from this theoretical starting point can only be idealistic.It is precisely because Marx discovered the defects of modern subjectivity philosophy that,on the basis of criticizing the achievements of predecessors,based on the concept of practice and historical materialism,he established the creative subject status of the people in the process of social and historical development,and discovered the revolutionary subject power of the proletariat in the investigation of the people’s actual living conditions and the practice of the working class movement.Under the guidance of Marx’s thought,the proletariat launched a beneficial attempt to realize the people’s dominant position,especially the establishment of a socialist country in which the people are the masters of the country,which not only confirmed the scientific and people-oriented nature of Marx’s thought,but also made the world present a situation of coexistence of different civilizations.But even so,as long as capital is not eliminated,the antagonistic relationship between capital and labor cannot be eliminated,and the independence and personality of the active individual cannot be realized.At present,the world is in a situation of great change not seen in a century,and China is in a critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,whether we can calmly deal with the uncertainties of global governance,correctly understand and scientifically solve the contradiction between the growing needs of the domestic people for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development,is a test of whether the Communist Party of China can stick to its original mission and lead the people to calmly cope with risks and challenges at home and abroad.Based on this,it is particularly necessary to strengthen the grasp of the people’s subjective dimension contained in Marx’s thought.On the basis of previous research results,this paper comprehensively and systematically expounds the theoretical resources,development context,core meaning,basic characteristics,revolutionary change and contemporary value of Marx’s people’s subject thought.Marx’s people’s subject thought was formed and developed through the combination and interaction of theory and practice.In the understanding of subject problem,German classical philosophy,bourgeois classical political economy and utopian socialism have limitations,but they also provide Marx with rich ideological nourishment.Immersed in the classic text,combined with Marx’s lifelong practice of working class struggle,Marx’s people’s subject thought has been shown to the world step by step.Before the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844,Marx still studied the living conditions of the people from the perspective of the bourgeois people’s discourse,and paid more attention to the people’s moral sympathy.With his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,which began with a critical investigation of political economy into the alienation of labor caused by private property,Marx turned to the study of the relationship between capital and labor from the perspective of class discourse.In the rest of his life,Marx examined the living conditions of the people in the period of free capitalism along with the class discourse,so that philosophy,political economy,scientific socialism and other fields all reflected the people’s subjective dimension of his thoughts.Therefore,although Marx did not have a direct and systematic discussion of the people’s subject thought,his thinking was full of value concern for the people’s subject.Marx’s people’s subject thought has rich connotations and distinctive characteristics.Through an in-depth study of Marx’s classical texts,we can clearly grasp the core meaning of Marx’s people’s subject thought,that is,the realistic people is the historical premise,the labor practice is the core category,the people are the real subject,and the liberation of people is the purpose of value.Marx’s people’s subject thought has the distinctive characteristics of the unity of scientific and value,the unity of critical and constructive,and the unity of class and populism,and has realized revolutionary changes from super-historical subject to historical subject,from cognitive subject to practical subject,and from capital subject to people’s subject in the interpretation of the people’s subject.Therefore,strengthening the study of Marx’s people’s subject thought is not only a requirement of the changes of the times,but also a response to the people’s call for realizing their interests.In the contemporary era,Marx’s people’s subject thought still has a distinct scientific and valuable character.In terms of theoretical value,Marx’s people’s subject thought has demonstrated the vitality of his political philosophy,established the lofty subject of the development and progress of human civilization,and provided a theoretical adherence to the Communist Party of China’s concept of people’s supremacy;In terms of practical value,it is conducive to practicing the Marx’s people’s subject thought in the historical process of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,in the new great project of the Party’s construction in the new era,and in the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.