Study On The Litigation Documents In Zhenyuan County Of Gansu Province In The Qing Dynasty

The litigation documents of Zhenyuan County in Qing Dynasty can be divided into Complaint documents,Subpoena documents and Voucher documents.According to the identity of the parties and the use of the situation,the pleadings can be divided into the Plaintiff’s complaint,the defendant’s complaint,report,the shouted complaint,the group report,request report,and so on.The appearance of summons means that the government begins to intervene in the dispute.According to its function,the summons in the archives of Zhenyuan County can be divided into the subpoena,the investigation subpoena,the summons for mediation,the prodding subpoenas,etc.Documents of evidence,including a document to end a lawsuit,a proof of claim and a certificate of security,are legal documents for the termination of a lawsuit or the enforcement of an award.The dispute lawsuit of the litigation documents of Zhenyuan County mainly include the interest of dispute involving the land,debt,marriage and family,property inheritance and brawl and so on,in which there are a quite part of land and debt cases reflect the profound influence for the ordinary people’s life by the Northwest Hui Revolt in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty,such dispute lawsuit aimed at adjusting social economic relationship broken by the war.Then,from the perspective of the judicial practice in Zhenyuan County,the judicial operation of Zhenyuan County in Qing Dynasty was led by the yamen,and promoted by the litigation participants such as the person officially appointed to write the pleadings,the plaintiff and the defendant,the witness,the Magistrate of Zhenyuan County,the legal advisors and the officers.Finally,comparing the litigation documents of Zhenyuan County in the Qing Dynasty with the existing litigation documents of the main county level in the Qing Dynasty,the litigation documents in Zhenyuan County in the Qing Dynasty were simpler and more stable,and most of the disputes involved were the interests of small peasant society,not complicated.This is due to Zhenyuan County is located in the remote northwest inland,is a relatively closed small peasant society.The litigation documents in Zhenyuan County in the Qing Dynasty were simpler and more stable,and most of the disputes involved were the interests of small peasant society,not complicated.This is due to Zhenyuan County is located in the remote northwest inland,is a relatively closed small peasant society.In addition,the subjects involved in the dispute litigation in Zhenyuan County are generally ordinary individuals,hardly involving families,and the handling efficiency of the government office in Zhenyuan County is relatively high.Generally,the case only needs to be tried once in court,but there are also cases that need to be tried again in the first instance.Generally speaking,ordinary people in Zhenyuan County will take the initiative to settle disputes through litigation when there is a dispute.Compared with other government offices,Zhenyuan County will take a more active way to deal with disputes.