Research On Marx And Engels’ Oriental Society Theory And Its Time Value

The theory of Oriental society is the theoretical construction of Marx and Engels on the characteristics,nature and destiny of Eastern society.The formation of this theory has gone through three stages,from "embryo form" to "comprehensive discourse" and then to "perfect development".Through the British Rule in India,The Future Results of British Rule in India,Economic Manuscript in 1857-1858,Das Kapital,Notes of Anthropological,and Draft Reply to Vera Zasulich and "The Postscript of " On Russian Social Issues can reveal: Marx and Engels’ attention to Oriental society began with the discussion of the historical destiny of India;Afterwards,Marx and Engels further analyzed the ownership relations and simple production organisms of Oriental societies,and clearly pointed out that existed widely the Asiatic mode of production in Eastern societies,which was the socio-economic root of its different development paths from the West;On the basis of clarifying the historical location and nature of the Asian rural communes,Marx based on Russia’s special "historical environment",completed the theoretical construction of Russia’s special development path;With the advancement of world history,Engels further proposed the realistic possibility of Russia’s "shortening" of the development process on this basis,and generalized the theory of Oriental society to the vast majority of Oriental countries.So far,the theoretical system of Oriental society has been formed.From a theoretical perspective,the theory of Oriental society is the product of Marx and Engels dissecting the Oriental society with historical materialism.It mainly clarifies the core issues of Eastern society’s historical status,social structure,development path and future direction.Oriental social theory is essentially a "continuation" of historical materialism,and it is an "important footnote" for a completely understand of historical materialism.This theory not only enriches the theory of social basic contradictions and makes the theory of social morphology more crystallize,but also supplements the thought of world history to a certain extent.At the same time,there is a rich dialectic soul hidden in the theory of Oriental society.This theory adheres to the methodological principles of the unity of productivity and value standards,historical inevitability and subject selectivity,unity and diversity of social development,world vision and national characteristics.And it provides a brand-new socialist revolution and construction thinking for the majority of Oriental country.From the perspective of socialist practice,the theory of Oriental society moved from theoretical hypothesis to self-confirmation in the socialist practice of the 20 th century.First of all,the establishment of the socialist regime in the 20 th century proved the realistic possibility of Oriental social theory at the level of practical forms,and the core essence of Oriental social theory was further inherited,developed and innovated.At the same time,the reality that socialist countries are encountering difficulties requires us to deeply reflect on the scientific value and essence of Oriental social theory.In fact,the predicament of socialism in practice does not "falsify" the Oriental social theory,which contains the duality of historical value and historical limits.The reason for the frustration of the realistic socialism practice is that the Eastern countries did not recognize the historical limit of leapfrogging development,and at the same time,they violated or discarded the essence of the dialectical methodology of the Eastern social theory during the development.Although the current objective development of China is very different from the theoretical context when the Oriental Social Theory was born,this does not hinder the theoretical penetration and scientific value of Oriental Social Theory.The essence of this theory still has a fundamental guiding role in promoting the sustainable development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.First of all,based on the theory of Oriental society,it can respond well to the erroneous theories of "remedial lessons","state capitalism",and "special capitalism",clarify the nature and direction of China’s road,and confirm its historical legitimacy and inevitability.Secondly,in the process of socialist construction,China should absorb capital elements to make up for the "shortcomings" of productivity,discard backward factors in the world market and world exchanges,and embrace modernity elements.At the same time,we must give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and realize the socialist construction of capital logic,so as to avoid as much as possible the economic crisis,ecological crisis and human development crisis brought about by capital.Finally,the value meaning of Oriental social theory stipulates that China’s socialist construction must adhere to the "people-centered" and promote the free and comprehensive development of people with "three unifications".