| According to data released by the national bureau of statistics on January 17,2020,the total population of China at the end of 2019 was 140.5m.Among them,there were 253.88 million people over the age of 60,accounting for 18.1%of the total population.There were 176.41 million people over the age of 65,accounting for 12.6 percent of the total population.At present,there are 29,000 registered old-age service institutions in China,with 7.448 million beds,or 30.9 beds for every 1,000-elderly people.Facing the aging trend of today’s society and the increasing demand for old-age care,large number of old-age care institutions are urgently needed to provide professional old-age care services.At the same time,due to the numerous types of infrastructure and public services that local governments need to provide,as well as the tight fiscal revenue,the government is under great financial pressure.Relying on the financial support of the government alone cannot solve the increasingly severe pension problem.Therefore,the national development and reform commission and the ministry of finance have long made it clear that we should base on domestic practices,learn from successful international experience,and promote the use of the cooperation model between government and social capital in the field of old-age care,so as to solve the problems of insufficient supply and low quality and efficiency of old-age care services in China.The introduction of PPP into the field of old-age care is of great significance.According to the national PPP comprehensive information platform,as of March 1,2020.there were only 106 pension projects in the management pool,of which 19 were in the preparation stage,23 were in the procurement stage and 64 were in the implementation stage.The data shows that the application of PPP model in the field of old-age care in China needs to be improved.The successful implementation of PPP pension projects can relieve the financial pressure of local governments,solve the shortage of pension services and improve the quality of pension services.Therefore,the analysis and summary of the key success factors of PPP pension project and the key control in practice will be conducive to the smooth implementation of PPP pension project and provide guidance for the sustainable development of the pension industry.The innovation points of this paper are as follows:first,the PPP pension project is taken as the research object to study the key success factors.Second,the basis of the whole life cycle theory.the author studies the key success factors of PPP pension project with systematic thought.Based on the whole life cycle and the theory of key success factors,this paper conducted a systematic study on the factors affecting the success of PPP pension projects by literature research and case analysis,and based on the relevant domestic and foreign literature and 25 provincial and municipal pension demonstration projects in the PPP project library.Identify 29 key success factors in the identification,preparation,procurement,implementation and handover stages of PPP pension projects.There are 7 stages of identification:macro-political,stability of economic environment,perfect legal and regulatory system,effective government decision-making,government credit,financing capacity.perfect regulatory mechanism,reasonable risk sharing:There are 6 preparation stages:the completeness of the implementation plan,the efficiency of government departments,the management ability of stakeholders,the simplified approval process,the perfect contract system,and the low negotiation cost;There are 6 procurement stages:the comprehensiveness and clarity of franchise agreement,the degree of guarantee provided by the government.full market competition,transparent bidding and procurement procedures.corruption problems,and incentive mechanism;There are 6 stages of implementation:qualifications of stakeholders,operating capacity,reasonable pricing and service,reasonable return on investment,public satisfaction.and reasonable performance appraisal program;There are four transfer stages:technology transfer.social support meeting the public interest,reasonable transfer standards,and perfect transfer process.Based on the list of key success factors of PPP pension project,data were collected by Likert five-level scale questionnaire,and factor analysis and regression analysis were carried out by SPSS software.Factor analysis was used to reduce dimension of the questionnaire data,and 29 key success factors in the whole life cycle were divided into five main factors:improvement of policy and implementation mechanism,operational strength of public and private sectors,government efficiency and social support,reasonable organizational mechanism,and project feasibility.The improvement of policy and implementation mechanism includes 8 key success factors:perfect laws and regulations system,perfect supervision mechanism,simplified approval process,stability of macro-political and economic environment,incentive mechanism,government credit,reasonable handover standard,and perfect contract system.The operational strength of the public and private sectors includes six key success factors:low negotiation costs,reasonable pricing and services,reasonable risk sharing,transparent tendering and procurement procedures,stakeholder management capabilities,and technology transfer;Government efficiency and social support include seven key success factors:the comprehensiveness and clarity of franchise agreements,adequate market competition,financing capacity,public satisfaction,government sector efficiency,social support to meet the public interest,and sound handover processes;Reasonable organizational mechanism includes four key success factors:operational capability.reasonable performance appraisal scheme,corruption problem and stakeholder qualification;Project feasibility includes four key success factors:effective government decision-making,integrity of implementation,reasonable return on investment,and degree of government guarantee.Based on the above analysis,in order to promote the successful implementation of PPP pension project,corresponding Suggestions are put forward for each stage of the whole life cycle.In the identification stage,scientific demonstration,reasonable evaluation,strict selection of PPP pension projects,establishment of supervision platform,and emphasis on project data accumulation and application.Perfect implementation plan in the preparation stage,clear construction and operation contents,strong operability,innovative management system,and optimized approval procedures.In the procurement stage,full market competition should be conducted,proper social capital parties should be selected,rights and responsibilities of each party should be clarified and disputes should be settled.and comprehensive and effective contracts should be signed in accordance with the law.In the execution stage,operation management and performance appraisal shall be strengthened,professional management and service teams shall be cultivated,and performance management shall be emphasized.The reasonable effectiveness of the transfer plan in the transfer phase,and the comprehensive evaluation of the project. |
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