Research On Hebei’s Educational Funds During The Republic Of China（1912-1937）

Education funding is the material basis of the state’s educational endeavor and the source of motivation for its orderly and high-quality development.This study examines the sources,distribution,and management of education funding in Hebei from 1912 to 1937 by combining documentary and data analysis,and then investigates the main causes of the shortage of education funding in Hebei and the impact of the shortage on the development of education in Hebei,and draws important implications for the development of education in Hebei today.The study consists of seven parts,each of which deals with a different aspect of education funding in Hebei,Republic of China.The first part deals with the development of education in Hebei from 1912 to 1937.Because the development of education is greatly related to the status of education funding,this part uses the development of various educational undertakings in Hebei as a background for the specific changes in education funding in Hebei.The second,third,and fourth parts discuss the sources,distribution,and management of education funds in Hebei from 1912 to 1937.The sources of education funding in Hebei include the sources of education funding at the provincial and county levels.Most of the provincial education funds came from the provincial treasury;while the county-level education funds were raised by each county itself from various sources.The allocation of education funds in Hebei is also at the provincial and county levels.The allocation of education funds at the provincial level in Hebei has an unreasonable expenditure structure and unbalanced education funds for various education undertakings;the allocation of education funds at the county level in Hebei has an unreasonable distribution between geographic areas,and the difference in the amount of education funds allocated between counties is too large.However,the number of provincial and county-level education funds allocated in Hebei is still among the highest in the country.In order to ensure the reasonable use of education funds,Hebei province and counties have organs responsible for management and supervision,such as the provincial school fund audit committee,the county education fund manager committee,and the county education audit committee.The fifth and sixth parts discuss the factors of the instability of education funds in Hebei from 1912 to 1937 and the influence of the instability of education funds on education in Hebei.The vast military,frequent famines,frequent changes in leadership and abolition of harsh and miscellaneous all restrict the growth of education funding in Hebei to varying degrees.The constant changes and fluctuations of Hebei’s education funds not only affect the salary of Hebei teachers,but also affect various aspects of school running.The seventh part summarizes this research,and draws lessons from the education funding problem in Hebei during the Republic of China,and provides a mirror for the development of education today.