A Analysis Of Marx’s Criticism Of Proudhon’s View Of Justice

Influenced by Hegel’s "absolute idea" and "negative dialectics",Proudhon started from the "universal rationality" and discussed the justice with the methodology of "series of dialectics".Proudhon defines justice as equality,and regards justice as the principle and standard of everything.Faced with the problem of justice in the society,Proudhon proposed that the way to realize justice is to "constitute value",that is,to determine the value ratio relationship of various labor products,and to try to achieve justice through average distribution.Seeing the exploitation of landlords and rich peasants under the capitalist ownership,Proudhon pointed out that in order to achieve justice,we must improve the large capitalist ownership and return to the small private ownership,so that everyone had an equal share of property.Marx’s attitude towards proudhon’s view of justice has gradually changed from affirmation to negation.During the period of Rheinische Zeitung,Marx was positive of Proudhon’s view of justice;the period from The Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right to The German Ideology was the stage of disagreement;from the Poverty of Philosophy to Capital,Marx realized the abstract and subjectivity of Proudhon’s view of justice and comprehensively criticized Proudhon’s view of justice.Marx regards justice as the principle and method confused the real relationship between justice and society,forming only the abstract concept about the world;for "constituent value",Marx thinks "constituent value" is an extreme abstraction of the real economic activities,and ignores the field of justice to the petty bourgeois "possession",Marx analysis to return to the small private ownership is a historical retreat,can only become fantasy,because the small private ownership has been abandoned in the process of social and historical progress.In the process of criticism,Marx gradually made clear his view of justice.Marx saw the material power behind the idea,went beyond the direction of legal power,and regarded justice as a historical category based on the productive forces and the relations of production.Marx found that the root cause of capitalist social injustice was inequality in the field of production.Production justice determines distribution and justice,so the ultimate goal of eliminating capitalist ownership was to establish the communist kingdom of justice.Marx’s criticism of Proudhon’s abstract view of justice clarified his own view of justice,deepened the basic view of historical materialism,and had a positive impact on the international communist movement at that time.