Reaserch On “Four Beginnings” For The Study Of Poetry In The Han Dynasty

The study of Poetry in the Han Dynasty was one of the prosperous classical studies in the Han Dynasty.The theory focuses on the study of the content of Poetry and various literary problems covered by Poetry,with the idea that literature serves politics as the center,and combines Poetry with realistic political and religious ethics.The study of Poetry in the Han Dynasty is divided into four schools: the study of Lu’s Poetry,the study of Qi’s Poetry,the study of Han’s Poetry,and the study of Mao’s Poetry,which is the study of ancient texts.Except for Han’s "Poetry" study,which has not been clearly recorded because of the disappearance of the monograph,the other three Poetry schools have all put forward a point of view related to the core of the compilation structure of Poetry: the theory of "Four Beginnings".The "Four Beginnings" theory revolves around the question of "what is the"beginning" of Poetry.It is not only the manifestation of the conscious academic system of the study of Poetry,but also shows the respective focus and distinctive features of the four Poetry schools:The "Four Beginnings" in Lu’s "Beginning" comes from Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian·the Family History of Confucius,and the first chapter of each category in Poetry,"Feng","Xiao Ya","Da Ya" and "Ode",is the "Beginning",The four poems are compared to the four political themes of human relations,monarch and minister,kingly way,and worship ancestors,and express the way of the emperor’s rule in the order from the family to the country to the world,with the powerful ritua doctrinel.Although there is no "Four Beginnings" in Han’s Poetry,so far,there is also a record in "Han Shi Waizhuan" that regards "Guanju" as the "beginning".It is said that there are many mysterious expressions,and it is similar to the style of Qi’s Poetry.The "Four Beginnings" of Qi’s Poetry comes from Poetry·Fan Lishu",selects four poems in two "Ya",connects them with factors such as stems and branches,solar terms and yin and yang transformation to tell the rise and fall of the fate of the king.It needs to be analyzed together with the "five intervals" theory.It is said that it is deeply influenced by Dong Zhongshu’s "induction between heaven and humanity" system,and it is a law of yin and yang changes specially designed and expounded for emperors’ political managements.Mao’s Poetry’s "Four Beginnings" said that the four categories of Poetry are regarded as "beginnings",namely "Feng","Xiao Ya","Da Ya" and "Ode".Its theory emphasizes political affairs,and describes the entire process of the emperor’s political and worship affairs with the political affairs of the vassal states,the small and large political affairs of the Zhou Dynasty,and the emperor’s worship.The scope is wider than others.The poems under each category are arranged in chronological order,which is the closest to the historical facts among the four Poetry schools.In addition,looking at the analysis and discussions of the four schools of Poetry in the related works of "Four Beginnings" in the Han Dynasty,we can see that the four schools of Poetry all have the characteristic of over-interpretation.The four schools of Poetry have different and even more similar views.From an overall point of view,both the study of Lu’s Poetry and the study of Han’s Poetry were influenced by the study of Qi’s Poetry,while both the study of Qi’s Poetry and the study of Lu’s Poetry closely followed current events and kept pace with the times.From an individual point of view,the internal views of Lu’s Poetry are not unified,and there are often differences;while Qi’s Poetry has many branches and most of them have subtle differences in views;Although Zheng Xuan as a scholar of Mao’s Poetry has commented on the biography,it is not mainly devoted to Mao’s Poetry,but combined with other Poetry to express new ideas.All in all,the four Han schools of Poetry learned from each other,influenced each other,and most of them developed with events.They are all theories put forward to serve the ethics of politics and belief,especially the theory of "Four Beginnings",which cannot be regarded as pure literature.It covers the core framework of the four schools of Poetry to establish their own academic system,and also reflects the unique characteristics of the four schools of Poetry.