A Study On Asymmetry Of The Salutation "X Ge/Di"

At present,the study of appellation is mainly focused on individual case analysis and whole study of a language.In addition,the study of"X Ge（哥）/Di（弟）"also focuses on the investigation of individual cases or commonness of appellation,and analysis of the individuality based on the salutation is more valuable.Where there is society,there is salutation.In order to help communicators to carry out a better conversation,further supplement the research content of the salutation and"X Ge/Di",and it is of great research value to discuss the asymmetry of the salutation"X Ge/Di"and the underlying reasons.This paper is mainly divided into six parts:The first part:the introduction involving the reason and significance of the topic,the definition of the address form,research status,theoretical basics and research methods,and the explanation of corpus sources.As the definition of"salutation"and"appellation"is still debated in the academic circle,the definition of"salutation"is related to the corpus sorting and conclusion drawing of the article,therefore,"what is the salutation"is the focus of this part.The second part:preparations for"X Ge/Di"analysis.First,after investigating the relationship between"symmetry"and"asymmetry"and their research value,combining with Shen Jianxuan’s six discriminant criteria for marked and unmarked terms,it is put forward of the phenomenon screening criterias for"asymmetry"applicable to this paper:significant difference of magnitude,opposition of existence and nonexistence,and time of occurrence difference of similar changes in the diachronic evolution.Second,the situation of referents of"Ge"and"Di"in modern Chinese is investigated.The synchronic asymmetry of"Ge"and"Di"is mainly extracted from the degree of generalization,the temporal difference of calling oneself function acquisition and social recognition of the fuction.Third,comparing the referent objects of"Ge/Di"and"Ge Ge/Di Di",in the case of the same referent objects,the latter gets the sense of kindness and loveliness that the former does not because of the configuration overlap.The third part:the discussion of the formal asymmetry of"X Ge/Di".Firstly,variable X’s the number of morpheme items and the status of constituent components are investigated,and the appellation"X Ge/Di"is divided into"X_distinguish Ge/Di"and"X _modifyX_distinguish Ge/Di".Secondly,based on corpus pairs,the formal asymmetry of"X_distinguish Ge/Di"and"X_modifyX_distinguish Ge/Di"are investigated respectively.The asymmetry of the form of"X_distinguish Ge/Di"is mainly reflected in the existence and nonexistence of the form,time difference that the symmetric form appeari,and the range of application of the symmetric form.The formal asymmetry of"X_modifyX_distinguish Ge/Di"is mainly reflected in"X_distinguish Ge/Di"’s ability to combine with X_modify to form address words:"X_distinguish Ge"is stronger than"X_distinguish Di".The fourth part:the study of meaning asymmetrythe.The paper analyzes the meaning asymmetry of"X_distinguish Ge"and"X_distinguish Di","X_modifyX_distinguish Ge"and"X_modifyX_distinguish Di"based on the age category,and the meaning asymmetry of"X_distinguishGe/Di"and"X_modifyX_distinguish Ge/Di"based on the category of appellation"X Ge/Di",as well as the meaning asymmetry of"X Ge/Di"and"Y Ge/Di"based on variables.The symmetry of meaning between"X_distinguish Ge"and"X_distinguishDi"can be found from"da（大）Ge/Di""xiao（小）Ge/Di""X_numerals elder Ge/Di""X_name Ge/Di""shuai（帅）Ge/Di""lao（老）Ge/Di"in contrast,and it is"X_distinguish Ge"’s meanings are more than"X_distinguishDi"’s as a whole.The asymmetry between"X_modifyX_distinguish Ge"and"X_modifyX_distinguish Di"is reflected in the comparison of"xiao（小）Ge Ge/Di Di"and"xiao（小）shuai（帅）Ge/Di".The asymmetry of"X_distinguishGe/Di"and"X_modifyX_distinguish Ge/Di"is mainly reflected in that the range and type of referent object of the latter are further reduced on the basis of the former.The asymmetry of the meanings of"X Ge/Di"and"Y Ge/Di"is mainly concentrated in the case that the variant X contains antisense category"da（大）/xiao（小）"and whether the variant X contains configuration overlapping morphemes.The fifth part:the discussion of the reasons behind the asymmetric performance of"X Ge/Di".There are three aspects in language:the existence of synonyms,the influence of variable X,the politeness principle and the face threat in verbal communication strategies;There are three aspects of social cognition:first,the unequal status between the elderly and the young brought about by social production;second,the influence of traditional ethics including the difference between immediate family and collateral family,the status of the old from comparison with the young,and the superiority of men from comparison with women;third,the stereotype of"elder brother/younger brother"in social cognitive psychology promotes the politeness principle to play a role in people’s communication.The sixth part:the conclusion.It is about the summary,innovation and deficiency of the whole paper.