The Relationship Between Perfectionism And Social Anxiety: A Study On The Mediating Role And Intervention Of Ruminition

Social anxiety(SA)is an emotional feeling of nervousness,misgivings or fear in social scene.In the last few years,the number of college students with SA is increasing year by year,and college stage has an important impact on the development of life.In college,students have the opportunity to participate in more social practice activities and face more evaluation by others,which has a vital function in the progress of personal self-consciousness and personality.In order to achieve a more satisfactory role and a higher level of social acceptance they will be more stringent standards to demand themselves or others.This is also the performance of perfectionists,perfectionist individuals tend to set high goals for themselves,and constantly demand their own to achieve.At the same time,how to deal with the difficulties in the process of practice,how to view success or failure,how to look at the positive or negative evaluation of others.These are important issues that individuals face in personal growth,and they are the peculiarity of perfectionist individuals and the questions they often think about.Although the relationship between perfectionism and SA has been verified,Individuals with perfectionism have higher demands on themselves and are more likely to have SA.But previous studies have mostly used self-reported tests to explore perceived explicit perfectionism.It is difficult to find the implicit perfectionism tendency of individual subconscious.Implicit perfectionism can reduce the social preference in explicit tests and enhance the precision of measurement.However,there are few researches on implicit perfectionism.Therefore,the relation between implicit perfectionism and SA can be further explored.In addition,previous studies have found that perfectionism leads to rumination.Perfectionist individual has the very high request to themself,and will also pay more attention to own mistake,thus easy to cause the negative emotion.Rumination is the continuous thinking of negative emotions,which can make individuals recall negative emotion repeatedly,and then cause negative self-evaluation and increase anxiety in social situation.Although the relationship between explicit perfectionism and rumination has been verified,the relationship between implicit perfectionism and rumination has yet to be explored.At the same time,the mechanism between perfectionism and SA has not been explored.Therefore,the study attempts to explore the relationship between implicit perfectionism and rumination,and to explain the mechanism of implicit,explicit perfectionism and SA through rumination,and try to reduce SA through online group counseling to interfere with the ruminant thinking of college students.This study consists of three parts.Study one selected 136 college students to verify the existence of implicit perfectionism by using implicit association paradigm.In the second study,we investigated the relationship between implicit perfectionism,rumination and SA,and analyzed whether rumination mediated both implicit perfectionism and explicit perfectionism and SA by questionnaire.In study 3,240 questionnaires were reissued,and 20 college students(each group has 10)were choosed.A randomized control group experiment was used to conduct online group counseling on the three dimensions of rumination for 6 times and 1 hour each time,focusing on cognitive reappraisal.The results are as follows:(1)College students have implicit perfectionism,and there has no gender difference.(2)There is no effective relationship between implicit perfectionism and explicit perfectionism.Implicit perfectionism is negatively correlated with rumination and SA.Negative perfectionism has significant positive correlation with rumination and SA,while positive perfectionism has no significant correlation with rumination and SA.(3)Rumination partly mediates implicit perfectionism and SA,and also partly mediates negative perfectionism and SA.There has no mediating effect between positive perfectionism and SA.(4)Online group counseling based on cognitive reappraisal can effectively reduce rumination and SA of college students.This study explored the relationship between implicit and explicit perfectionism and SA,as well as the mediating role of rumination.It enriches the research of implicit perfectionism,identifies the factors and ways of SA,provides the theoretical basis for the intervention of SA,and has positive meaning for protecting the psychological health of college students.