A Study On The Policy Of Annam And Chen Dynasties To Song,Mongolia And Yuan In The 13th Century

Annam is an ancient name for Vietnam,since the Qin and Han Dynasties have been under the jurisdiction of the county set by China,by the Han culture immersion quite deep.At the end of the Tang Dynasty,in the Five Dynasties,the local tyrants Qu,Yang and Wu rose up one after another to separate the two kingdoms,and Annam began the process of independent development since then.It was not until 968,when Ding Buling defeated the twelve Princes,established Da Qu Yue and became the vassal state of the Northern Song dynasty,that the relationship between Annam and China changed from the relationship between local and central governments evolve into the relationship between the suzerain and vassal states,and continued into recent history.In 1225,Chen Shoudu and other relatives of the Ananam Li Dynasty launched a coup to establish the Chen Dynasty.In order not to be punished by the Southern Song Dynasty in legal terms,they adopted diplomatic means such as "concealing","delaying" and "falsifying",which not only established the sucher-vassal relationship with China,but also led to wrong records in Song History and Annam Annals.In the second half of the 13th century,the external environment of the Chen Dynasty deteriorated sharply.First,the Mongols stationed their troops on the northern border of Annam after they had conquered Dali.Second,the Southern Song,regarded as annam’s backup,was defeated in the contest with the Mongol and Yuan dynasties and finally fell.Finally,Kublai Khan invaded Annam twice in 80s.In the face of the harsh international environment,especially the repressive policies of the Yuan Dynasty,the Chen Dynasty constantly adjusted its foreign policy,adopting strategies such as "co-existing with the Song to resist the Mongols","serving two masters at the same time",and "pretending to be weak".This series of diplomatic strategies centered on China crushed Kublai Khan’s expansion plan in the South China Sea and maintained the historical space for the independent development of ancient Vietnam since the five dynasties.The two victories of the Anti-Japanese War made the Vietnamese people’s national spirit of resisting foreign aggression strong and radical.After the war,the intense national consciousness prompted the Chen Dynasty to invade the outside world,which had a profound influence on the historical process of Indo-China Peninsula.