An Experimental Study On The Acquisition Process Of Bi-syllabic Tone By Gambia Preparatory Students Studying In China

Compared with the traditional tone research method,the experimental phonetics method can intuitively analyze the tone.Based on the collection of four bi-syllabic tones pronunciation of Gambian preparatory student M during one-year study in preparatory school,analysis the fundamental frequency and length of front and back words,the acquisition track and order of the four tones of M are obtained by examining the acquisition process of M double tone,and the characteristics of the acquisition process of M double tone are comprehensively analyzed.The experimental results are as follows:(1)Four tones acquisition track.T1: In the initial stage,M was aware of the "high and flat" characteristics of T1 at the beginning,but did not grasp them.In the middle and late stages,there is a phenomenon of "fossilization" in tone pattern,which is flat tone and rising tone,and there is a great difference in tone value and range from Mandarin speakers;T2:In the initial stage,M basically learns the tone trend of T2 rising,and in the middle and late stages,the tone tends to be basically stable,and T2,as the tone value of the back word,is lower than that of the front character,both of which have the problem of narrow tone range;T3:When T3 is used as the front word,both the initial stage and the middle stage show an upward trend,and in the later stage,T3 shows a downward trend,indicating that M has basically grasp the tone pattern of T3 before non-upper tone,but has not mastered the tone modulation rules before T3 before upper tone,and there are problems of high pitch range and tone value.When T3 is the back word,from the initial stage to the later stage,the falling and rising tone has been basically stable,but in the later stage,the starting T value is lower than that of the Mandarin speakers;T4:At the initial stage,M basically mastered the tone characteristics of T4 as the trailing character,but did not grasp the tone characteristics of T4 as the front word,indicating that M mastered the back word of T4 earlier in the tone combination of T4.In the middle stage,the T4 characters are gradually closer to the Mandarin speakers.At the later stage,M had mastered the tonal characteristics of T4 as the front and back characters,but they all had problems such as higher end T value than those of Mandarin speakers,insufficient drop,and too narrow pitch range.(2)The acquisition order of the four tones.When four tones are used as the first word:T4 and T2 are best acquired,T3 is the next,and T1 is the worse;When four tones are used as the last word: T4 and T3 are better acquired,T2 is next,and T1 is worse.(3)The modulation domain bias is more common than the modulation pattern bias.(4)The length unstable,tone length cannot be effectively controlled.The acquisition of M bi-syllabic tone also embodies the characteristics of "permeability","fossilization" and "repetition" of interlanguage.M bi-syllabic tone acquisition influenced by the complexity of Chinese voice,the influence of mother tongue or the target language rules,the formation law of pronunciation habits,individual factors,in the preparatory phase of the Chinese tones teaching,from teaching attaches great importance to the tone features,to strengthen the tone perception teaching,increase the range and long training consciously,tone teaching and training of whole course and mobilize individual factors enhance the teaching effect in tone.