A Study On The Space Of The Altar Of ’Ritual Of Tian Di Ming Yang Shui Lu Ritual’

On the road to the development of secularization of Buddhism,the water and land law meeting has always been one of the most important contents since the end of Tang Dynasty.As the guiding text of the Water and Land Law Society,the "Heaven,Earth,Underworld,and Water and Land Rituals" is generally considered to be a water and land ritual used in the images of the Water and Land Law Society and the Water and Land Law Society.Among them,the land and water mandala diagram is used as a guide for the spatial layout of the water and land law meeting,and it plays an indispensable role in the overall system of the water and land law meeting.When the water and land law meeting was held,the most direct evidence of the layout structure of the altar,its graphic characteristics and the rich information contained in it,are worthy of our in-depth exploration and research.There are six volumes of "Heaven,Earth,Underworld,Water,Land and Rituals",which consists of three parts: three volumes of ritual texts,two volumes of essays,and altar patterns.In the altar pattern scroll,the general map of the mandala,the map of the sub-mandalas,the necessary icons in the mandala such as the Zunsheng Building,the Stele of Origin,the Milky Way,the Pudu Bridge and the Black Zodiac are drawn in detail,as well as spells,water and land cards,etc.information.The land and water altars in the mandala style of "Heaven,Earth,Underworld,Sun,Water and Land Essays" are direct pictorial evidence that confirms the spatial layout of the land and water mandala.As an important space in Buddhist ritual activities such as the Water and Land Mandala,it is vital to the function of Buddhist activities and is one of the codes that need to be unlocked in Chinese traditional culture.As a Buddhist sect,Esoteric Buddhism has a profound influence on the development and spread of Buddhism in the Central Plains.The land and water mandala developed from the rise and development of the late Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and it was formed by absorbing Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.But how did its mandala space layout and the arrangement of the gods come into being? In this thesis,we found the evidence of interpretation in the comparative study,and we can basically confirm that the mandala of the water and land puja was designed in accordance with the arrangement and construction of the Tantric mandalas.This thesis combed the altar pictures with gods in the altar of "Heaven,Earth,Underworld,Sun,Water,Land and Rituals",compared with the scriptures of the Esoteric Department of "Taishangzang",and found that they have a very close correspondence.A large number of Tantra mandala images,mandala space,site space and scriptures,and the order and position of the gods in the grottoes all prove the great connection between the altar and Tantra mandala.This thesis is based on the description of the space and scale of the mandala mandala in the essay No.911 Huilin Collection of the Esoteric Buddhism of the Taisho Collection,"Mandala Establishment and Site Selection Method",through the comparison and speculation of the proportions and scales.,Using modern cartography technology to restore some of the altar map of the land and water altar.It is hoped that this paper will provide more clues for the academic research and analysis of the spatial layout of the Land and Water Dharma,and the interpretation of the mandala of the Water and Land Dharma.