Research On The Rural Social Governance Of Huizhou From The Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of China

Rural social governance is a major basic issue related to history and reality,This paper used of abundant documents to study the rural social governance of Huizhou from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.The result showed,Since the ruling class pursued the policy of "centralized and simple governance ",the state had to control the rural society with the help of folk forces.This was inevitably lead to the diversity of rural social governance,clansmen,gentry,cultural,Xiangyue and Baojia constituted the foundation of Huizhou rural social governance.And these forces cooperated with each other,They relyed on the ties of blood,geography and industry formed a precise network,managed and educated the people through Confucian culture which includes loyalty,filial piety,self-cultivation,family unity,and harmony,Integrated rural resources through economic,political and cultural means,Which built Huizhou into a country full of vigor and order.it was strictly followed by the national laws and regulations,Ethics and legal were always matched each other in the process of rural social governance.Therefore," Ritual and Legal Treatment " was the essential feature of Huizhou rural social governance.Rural social governance focused on the settlement of civil disputes.There has a self-regulation mechanism generated in Huizhou Society,Under the preponderance of "the state of rites and ceremonies" and adhered to the principle of "concurrent rule of law and virtue",There has three procedure to disarm and solve social contradictions and disputes,Reconciliation by negotiation with the help of mediator,Seek conciliation and arbitration,sue for official litigation.The problems that can be solved in such a hierarchical way almost covered all the contradictions and disputes that can be produced in Chinese traditional rural society,it included "reason" and "legal principle" in every step of the settlement,which realized the internal combination of self-government,rule of law and virtue.It has great rationality and great superiority,In the Chinese traditional rural social governance has the example and the model significance.It set an example and model in the traditional rural social governance in China.