| As a representative of the early reformist school,Shao Zuozhou’s thoughts have contributed to the modern Chinese ideological and cultural history.His philosophical thought with the theme of "change",and provides a theoretical basis for his political thought with the theme of "reform".This paper explain Shao Zuozhou’s thoughts from five aspects.The first part is the introduction part,mainly from three aspects: the origin and significance of the topic,the research status and the innovation of the topic.The origin and significance of the topic focuses on the value and interest of the research on Shao Zuozhou’s thought of "change".The status quo of the research on the topic analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the research on Shao Zuozhou in the academic circle.The innovation of the topic highlights the importance of the research on Shao Zuozhou’s philosophy.The second part narrates the cause of Shao Zuozhou’s thought,discusses the social background of the late qing dynasty and Shao Zuozhou’s life experience.The paper mainly reveals the background of Shao Zuozhou’s thought,that is,the stimulation of the objective environment in the late qing dynasty;Shao Zuozhou was born in a family of officials,he is smart and diligent,he has deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture;he was influenced by his friends;he had sveral failures in the imperial examinations and his long term appointment as the chief of staff to the north all promoted the birth of Shao Zuozhou’s thought.The third part explains Shao Zuozhou’s philosophy which centers on "change".Shao Zuozhou’s philosophy is mainly embodied in his book of "Axiom of summary".Based on the traditional Chinese natural philosophy,"Axiom of summary" tries to extract the universal axiom from the complicated things.The writing is closely related to "change".First of all,Shao Zuozhou analyzed the reason of the change of all things from the aspects of Taiji being limitless,dynamic and static mutual root,material being poor but changing,and material being constant;second,Shao Zuozhou analyzed the objects have major parts and can only have one,each part of an object does its part;third,Shao Zuozhou analyzed the form of the change of all things from the aspects of Yin and Yang,all kinds of forces,similarities and differences,and all walks of life of things.At last,Shao Zuozhou explained the direction of the change of everything from the aspects of the growth and decline of things,the certainty of things and the generation of new kinds,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for his reform thought.In addition,Shao Zuozhou adopted the way of logical argumentation when he narrated the axioms,just like geometric argumentation.On the basis of middle school,it has strong interest to prove its philosophy viewpoint through the knowledge of mathematics,physics,chemistry and biology in the West.The fourth part expounds Shao Zuozhou’s reform thought,which is mainly embodied in his book of "critical words ".First,Shao Zuozhou believed that the Chinese and Western systems had their own advantages and disadvantages.He advocated that the Qing government should actively send students to different countries to study western science and technology.After returning to China,they should be employed by high-tech enterprises.Second,Shao Zuozhou advocated the reform of the imperial examination,the stop of donation and the limit of insurance,the reform of the military system,and the change of the frontier defense.Third,Shao Zuozhou proposed to expand civil rights through taboo elimination,broad talk,and learning from the wisdom of the people,so as to promote social development and national stability.The fifth part evaluates Shao Zuozhou’s thought.Shao Zuozhou,as the representative of Chinese traditional intellectuals,has strong feelings and strong sense of responsibility.Although Shao Zuozhou could not get rid of the shackles of traditional moral and ethical concepts,still supported the feudal autocratic monarchy system,and hoped to make up for the shortcomings of the Chinese system by learning western science and technology,his thought is conservative,but he still fulfilled his mission as an intellectual. |
