The Effect Of Problem-solving On Reasoning Performance And Meta-reasoning Monitoring In Different Problem Types

Since the 1980 s,reading methods have shown diversity,and a large number of studies have compared the effects of electronic media and paper media on reading comprehension performance and reading process.It is found that the phenomenon of“screen-inferior” is widespread,that is,compared with paper-based reading,electronic reading comprehension is poorer and less efficient(Daniel & Woody(2013);Ackerman& Lauterman,2012;Lauterman & Ackerman,2014;Clinton,2019;Delgado,Vargas,Ackerman,& Salmero’n,2018;Duan Chaohui,2015;Yan Min,2018).With the development of technology and the popularization of the Internet,a large number of online courses have poured into teaching activities,and some selective examinations have changed from paper-based tests to computer-based tests.It’s not only limited to reading text on the screen,but more about problem solving,reasoning and decision-making activities.This research first examines the influence of screen and paper media on different types of reasoning results,that is,whether screen disadvantages exist in reasoning tasks.And under the framework of meta-reasoning theory,the influence of media on meta-reasoning monitoring is investigated,and the phenomenon of screen disadvantages is further understood from the perspective of meta-cognition.A total of 3 experiments were designed in this study.Experiment 1 is a three-factor mixed experiment design,2(time frame: time pressure,no time pressure)× 2(medium:screen,paper)× 2(question type: conflict problem,non-conflict problem),explore the medium the effect on the performance and efficiency of reasoning problem-solving.Unlike previous studies that only examined the influence of the media on the performance of extremely difficult reasoning questions,this study examined the influence of the media on reasoning questions of different difficulty.It turns out that screen media has a negative impact on reasoning performance.The specific performance is in the time pressure cognitive conflict problem,the screen media reasoning performance is significantly lower than the paper group.Under no time pressure,the screen environment for conflict-free question reasoning is significantly lower than the paper environment.The lack of adjustment of cognitive effort in screen media reasoning is specifically manifested as: the efficiency of problem-solving in the screen environment is not significantly different with or without time pressure;the efficiency of paper-based problem-solving under time pressure is significantly higher than that of no time pressure.Experiment 2 uses the two-response paradigm,a classic paradigm in meta-reasoning research,to explore the influence of media on meta-reasoning monitoring and reasoning process under the background of dual-processing theory.The experiment uses 2(medium:screen,paper)× 2(question type: conflict problem,non-conflict problem)× 2(reaction type: reaction 1,reaction 2)three-factor internal design.It was found that the screen media had a negative impact on meta-reasoning monitoring.The specific manifestations were as follows: In the screen environment,the correctness judgment(FOR)of monitoring type 1 processing results was not sensitive to the type of question,and there was no significant difference between conflicting and non-conflicting questions..In terms of the absolute accuracy(PA value)of the final confidence judgment(FJC),the screen media is significantly higher than the paper media,indicating a greater degree of overestimation.The analysis type(Type 2)processing participation in screen media reasoning is significantly lower than that of paper media.Experiment 3 and Experiment 2 use the same experimental paradigm,using an open question and answer test method,the experiment is 2(medium: screen,paper)× 2(question type: conflict question,non-conflict question)× 2(reaction type: reaction 1.Response 2)Three-factor design within the subject.The purpose is to investigate whether the screen disadvantages still exist in tests that require in-depth processing and eliminate misleading options.The results found that: there is no significant difference in the effects of meta-inference monitoring under the two media.The specific table below is there is no significant difference between the FOR and FJC judgment values of screen media and paper media;there is no significant difference between the absolute accuracy of FOR and the absolute accuracy of FJC.But there is still a screen disadvantage in reasoning performance.Combined with the results of this study,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)Screen media has a negative impact on reasoning performance,and screen disadvantages exist.(2)The shallow processing hypothesis has strong explanatory power.(3)The screen media has a negative impact on the meta-reasoning monitoring in the multiple-choice test,but it does not affect the meta-reasoning monitoring effect of the open question answering test.(4)The accuracy of meta-inference monitoring in cognitive conflict-type problems is poor,and there is widespread overestimation.