An Eye Movement Study On Belief Bias Effect In Time-pressure Relational Reasoning

Belief bias is a phenomenon that based on the prior knowledge and experience,people’s understanding influence the process of reasoning, causing bias between conclusion and response. The research paradigm and methods in belief bias are relatively single and lack of reasoning process monitoring, because category syllogism is the principal paradigm, and computer programming is a main method. In order to a further study on the internal mechanism of belief bias, the experiment adopts the conclusion evaluating task to study the belief bias of relationship syllogistic reasoning with the help of eye movement record and analysis techniques,taking 24 spatial reasoning and 32 temporal reasoning questions as experiment material. The two experiments are designed for a 2×4 two factor experiment. Time press condition is between-subjects between factor,reasoning type is within-subject factor.Dependent variables are: the quantity of accepted conclusion 、 the total watching time and total watching times、the watching time and times of interest in areas of interesting.The results shows: first, there are significant effect and interaction among time pressure conditions, the reasoning types and interest area; second, time pressure influence the belief bias effect of relation reasoning. Without time pressure, premise watching time and times surpass conclusion. With the condition of time pressure,premise watching time and times are less than conclusion; third, without time pressure,the watching time and times of premise logical validity test are more than that of valid logic.Drawing the following conclusions:( 1) the premise validity and conclusion credibility are universal influences in relation reasoning, reflecting the ubiquitous belief bias.(2)when the material logic and belief conflict with each other, the output is the result of competition between heuristic processing and analysis processing. So the results are more supportive of the dual process theory.(3)time pressure condition enlarge the belief bias effect.