Zhang Ruiji In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,there was an unprecedented period of shock.In this period,on the one hand,the social contradictions were sharp,and the Qing government had to open the door to implement the new deal.At the same time,the new social forces were cultivated by the new deal sounded the clarion call of the anti Qing revolution and established the Republic of China.During this period,people’s thoughts were in a fierce change with the changes of the objective environment.In order to adapt to the complex and changeable society,Zhang Ruiji took the initiative to learn western cultural knowledge,understand the politics,science and technology of various countries through the reform of the imperial examination,and successfully obtained the Jinshi background in 1903 to distribute to Shaanxi as a county magistrate.After the promulgation of the new policy in the late Qing Dynasty,Zhang Ruiji took an active part in it.In addition to setting up newspapers and new schools in the local areas,he also presided over the compilation of the local textbook local records of Hancheng County,sparing no effort to open up the wisdom of the people.With the outbreak of the revolution of 1911,Zhang Ruiji immediately took part in it,helping the revolutionary team to stabilize social order,consolidate party alliance,and actively participate in the construction of a new administrative order.After the completion of the Republic of China,Zhang Ruiji accepted the invitation of the Shanxi provisional Provincial Council and returned to his hometown to serve as the financial secretary of Shanxi.Later,Zhang Ruiji chose to resign from Shanxi civil affairs instead of acting because of the factional dispute between northern and southern Shanxi.He went north to become the first member of the national assembly of the Republic of China,and went through the movement of protecting the country and protecting the law.During the second peace negotiation between the North and the south,Zhang Ruiji was recommended by the north and the South as the Commissioner of war supervision and demarcation in Shaanxi.In 1928,Zhang Ruiji died of illness,and his son——Zhang Xiaoheng collected his poems and essays into a collection,which is called who garden collection.Zhang Ruiji’s life is rough and bumpy,which not only reflects the chaos and complexity of the situation in the Republic of China,but also provides an excellent entry point to understand the political situation in Shanxi and Shaanxi from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.And it provides an excellent breakthrough point for studying Yan Xishan’s rapid grasp of political situation,the relative stability of Shanxi and the turbulence of Shaanxi.A survey of Zhang Ruiji’s political activities in different periods shows that he actively worked for the poor people,but had to face the pain brought by identity transformation,and the resulting integrity.The study of Zhang Ruiji’s behavior and thought in the transitional period is of great significance for the historians to re evaluate the role and role of Zhang’s middle-level figures in the social transformation in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.