A Study On Williams’ Thought Of Moral Luck

From the consideration of luck in the external good of Aristotle in ancient Greece to the rejection of luck in modern normative ethics,especially in Kantian ethics,the place of luck in the moral sphere has been hidden always.Until Williams passed the two major traditions of critical normative ethics,re-placed "luck" into the moral field for consideration and highlighting.From this,Williams proposed a kind of morality that can shape the identity of personality and the integrity of personal ethical life.Luck thinking.The path of critical reflection and the holistic consideration of the multidimensionality and individual integrity of ethical life embodied in Williams’ idea of moral luck have dominated the direction of Western ethical theoretical thought in recent decades and contributed to the renewal and development of contemporary moral philosophy in various aspects.The first chapter of this paper focuses on the process of the formation of the idea of moral luck.First,Williams started from the traditional moral establishment in the way of rational rules to damage the identity of the individual,leading to the perturbation of luck in the moral field,which has an impact on personal character and complete life,and thus raised the issue of moral luck.Secondly,Williams traced the source of the concept of moral luck and found that ancient philosophers,especially Aristotle,had many merits in affirming the status of luck in ethical life.Finally,Williams began to explore the basis for the defense of ethical life,and found that there is no very definite moral basis,so as to find a defense basis for the existence of uncertain luck factors;and proceeded from the argument for the conflicts in the field of value for morality.The rationality of luck finds space.The second chapter combs the theoretical content of Williams’ moral luck thought.First of all,Williams explained the rationality of moral luck through the interpretation and definition of the meaning of moral luck,and advocated that we should look at the role of inner luck in the integrity of individuals in the moral field from an ethical perspective.Secondly,Williams launched rational justification of moral luck,retrospectively defending moral rationality from the first-person perspective,and then elicited the influence of extrinsic luck on personal integrity.Finally,Williams takes the issue of agent-regret as an entry point,discusses the relationship between actor regret and inner luck,retrospective reflection from the first person perspective,and explains that retrospective reflection integrates and utilizes knowledge concepts to reduce personal planning and practice in life Actors in the process regret,and use this to perfect the thought of personal integrity.The third chapter returns to the practical orientation of moral luck thought.Firstly,the possibility of the compatibility of deontology and moral luck is discussed at the theoretical level;an attempt is made to integrate the strict ethical theoretical system with the tolerant moral luck idea,thus solving the problem of the separation of contemporary ethical theories.Secondly,it discusses the Internal Reasons and the fundamental life plan in the idea of moral luck to shape the character and integrity of individuals.Finally,Williams advocated that we should attach importance to the reflective awareness throughout the thought of moral luck,adhere to the concept of prudence in practical ethical life,and live a scrutinized ethical life.