A Study On The Phonology Of Longxi (Gongchang) Dialect

Longxi County is located in the central and southern part of Gansu Province.The dialect belongs to Qinlong section of Zhongyuan Mandarin.Longxi gongchang dialect pronunciation is the research object of this paper,the main content of the study is Longxi gongchang dialect phonology,homophony vocabulary,sound change phenomenon,the exception phenomenon of phonology.There are 25 initial consonants,33 finals and 2 inflectional tones in 4 monosyllabic tones in gongchang dialect of Longxi.According to the tone changing rules of Yutu and two character group,the two inflectional tones are Yangping 213 and shangsheng 553.The phenomenon of tone change in gongchang dialect in Longxi includes tone sandhi,consonant,assimilation,literary and colloquial reading,er Wei,etc.in tone sandhi,the front and back characters of non overlapping two character group are both up tone,the front character is out of tone,and the back character is up tone.The differentiation of tone sandhi mode is related to the type of grammatical structure.Yangping tone and Qusheng tone are two inflectional tones,which break off at the inflection point of the tone in the language flow and retain one of them.The tone sandhi pattern of the two character group "Er" is consistent with that of the two character group "tou".By synchronic comparison with Beijing sound,the corresponding relations between Beijing sound and gongchang sound in Longxi are obtained.There are 22 initials(including zero initials)in Beijing dialect,and 25 initials(including zero initials)in gongchang dialect of Longxi,which are more[v],[z],[(?)],[(?)]and less[n];Beijing dialect has 39 finals,Longxi gongchang dialect has 33 finals,which is 6 less than Beijing dialect.The main difference in quantity lies in the front nasal rhyme.Longxi gongchang dialect has no front nasal[n]ending sound.The difference in sound value is mainly in the compound vowel and the nasal vowel correspond to the unit sound and nasalized sound of Longxi gongchang vowel respectively;Gongchang dialect and Beijing dialect in Longxi have four tonal categories,but the specific tonal values are different.Compared with the diachronic comparison of the middle ancient sound,the evolution relationship and important phonological characteristics between the middle ancient sound and the present gongchang sound in Longxi are obtained.As for the initial consonants,the middle ancient stops and affricates are not aspirated in today’s gongchang dialect,and the second Qing consonants are aspirated in today’s gongchang dialect.In today’s dialects,the flat tone is aspirated,the tonal tone is partially aspirated,and the tonal tone is not aspirated.Most of the non aspirated are influenced by Beijing accent.The consonants of Toumu and Dingmu are palatalized into[(?)]before the finals of[i],and changed into[t t’]before the finals of not an[i]final.The initial consonants of Jing group and Jian Xiao group are palatalized into[(?)]before the finals of[i].and changed into[]before the finals of not an[i]final.The dialects of Ni and Lai are basically merged in gongchang town of Longxi.The initial consonants of zhishe characters in kaikouzhuang,Zhizu and zhangzu groups and Jingzu groups in the middle ancient times were[ts ts ’ s].Japanese mother characters are pronounced as[(?)]and[z]in gongchang dialect of western Gansu.In the middle ages,the doubting mother and the shadow mother merged.In the vowel,Guokai yijianxiao group reads[(?)]in the present dialect,and Guohe Yijian group reads[u(?)].Part of xieshekou second class Fengjian and Xiaozu’s Zijin dialects read Hongyin.Crab,zhishe,Hekou,fengni and Laimu are pronounced hekouhu in modern dialect.The characters of zhishe KaiKou meet Bang group are read in[i]today’s dialect.The second class entering tone characters of Geng she Kou Kou are read[ε]today.The combination of Xianyang and shansheyang sounds and rhymes.In the middle ages,Shen,Zhen,Zeng,Geng and Tong combined the sounds of Yang.In terms of tone,the ancient four tones are still four tones in gongchang dialect,but the ancient flat tones can be divided into today’s Yinping and Yangping according to Qingzhuo.The ancient whole voiced upper tone belongs to today’s Qusheng,the ancient Qingru and the second voiced one belong to today’s Yinping,and the ancient whole voiced entering tone belongs to today’s Yangping.Finally,by comparing with the middle ancient pronunciation,we can find the exceptional characters in the evolution of gongchang dialect in Longxi,and explain some of them.