| Feuerbach’s philosophy with humanism as its core is the important thought source of Marx’s philosophy.Feuerbach understood the world from the perceptual person and human’s sensibility,and emphasized the significance of perceptual intuition.Feuerbach put man and nature in the first place and took them as the object of philosophical research,which not only revealed the natural nature and social essence of man,but also emphasized the nature of man,and further applied and implemented his understanding of man to other fields.Feuerbach’s theory of human nature has important progressive significance in revealing the nature of religion and speculative philosophy,but it still has some limitations,such as adhering to metaphysical materialism and idealist view of history.Feuerbach’s theory of human sensibility deeply influenced Marx when he was growing up,but nevertheless,Marx’s early thoughts are not completely consistent with them,and there are some theoretical differences between them in the process of the positive inheritance of Feuerbach.With the maturity of his own thoughts,Marx gradually realized the great defects of Feuerbach’s theory of human nature,and finally realized substantial transcendence in his criticism of feuerbach’s theory of human nature.In general,some philosophical views of Feuerbach’s theory of human nature have provided important inspirations for the development of Marx’s thought.In the theoretical principle,Feuerbach put forward the perceptual principle,although it has the intuitive nature,inspired Marx to examine man and the world from the materialist standpoint to some extent.In the way of understanding,feuerbach paid more attention to the nature and the nature of man,but he saw the sociality of the nature of man,and examined man more comprehensively and systematically to a certain extent.Marx,on the premise of highlighting the sociality of man,believed that man was not only a natural and social existence,but also a "conscious kind of existence".In the end,feuerbach criticized religious theology,emphasized that man himself should explore the essence of man,excluded the externalization of the essence of man,and made philosophy return to man.Marx still insisted on this research focus,on the basis of overcoming Feuerbach’s abstract man,on the basis of realistic man and his activities,revealed the law of historical development and established historical materialism.After the establishment of historical materialism,Marx also realized the development of Feuerbach’s theory of human nature.On the theoretical content,Marx realized a leap from perceptual existence to perceptual activity to explain human beings,and emphasized more on the social concreteness and historical generation of realistic human nature.In the way of thinking,Marx was not satisfied with the abstract ontological thinking,and thought that the unique existence of human life should have the way of understanding human nature in accordance with it,and grasp human nature with the way of thinking in practice.On the path of liberation,Marx opposed the realization of man’s liberation through pure theoretical criticism of man’s consciousness awakening and moral perfection,and emphasized the realization of man’s freedom through revolution by overthrowing the existing relations of production.Clarifying the relationship between Marx and Feuerbach’s theory of human nature is not only of great theoretical value for grasping their thoughts,but also of great significance for further clarifying the position and function of Marx’s theory of human nature in his philosophical reform.At the same time,the profound understanding of Marx’s theory of human nature reform has important practical significance for clarifying the predicament of contemporary human nature and deepening the study of contemporary human theory. |
