Friendship,Self And Others

On modern moral philosophy,many philosophers,grounded in reason,advocate a universal law for society under reason.The "impartiality" brought by such a law has created an ethical universalism,which creates an "asymmetry between self and others",It makes people lose friendship in special relationships,leads to the emotional separation between themselves and others,and makes the social strangers and false interpersonal communication frequently occur.Therefore,it is urgent to bring Aristotle’s friendship back to the modern perspective,combining virtue ethics,it is extremely urgent to build a new friendship order in which Aristotle’s reason and emotion coexist.In the context of the modern moral crisis,both Slote and Williams critique such a rationality-based moral philosophy,through theories of "self-other asymmetry" and "first-person" theory respectively,to justify the special relationship required by the self.1In view of this phenomenon,virtue ethicists have cleared up the "universal law" of deontology and the principle of "maximum happiness" of utilitarianism,especially Slote and Williams defending the special relationship between self and others through the theory of "self-other asymmetry" and "first person".Based on these thoughts,the relationship between self and others in Aristotle’s friendship is clarified.The metaphysical self in Aristotle’s Friendship has internal and external consistency,which is different from selfishness and self-interest,and thus has a reasonable meaning of being favored.By integrating Williams’ "first person",the self gets an unknown universality in friendship and unifies the individual self and psychological self.Comparing the "self-other asymmetry" proposed by Slote against common sense morality with Aristotle’s virtue friendship,it shows that virtue friendship is generated by reason and emotion,and virtue is also a kind of "symmetry".In moral psychology,ego has reasonable emotion,desire and motive,and also maintains the rational nature of love.Therefore,Aristotle’s virtue friendship includes not only the love between himself and others,but also the love between himself and himself.This kind of virtual friendship will not cause opposition between oneself and others,maintain the harmony of the soul and have a better life.This dissertation is divided into four parts.First,the paper attacks the "impartiality" of modern moral philosophy through the ideological foundation of virtue ethicists,showing that modern moral life lacks concern for human beings themselves.So a return to Aristotle’s virtuous fraternity can help us recover a love that is consistent with itself and the other.Second,by explaining the relationship between virtuous friendship and self-love,he points out that "a friend is another self" is the mirror of friendship,and self-love is the foundation of friendship,which are not contradictory.Then,the theoretical ideas of Williams and Slote are compared with Aristotle’s virtuous friendship to show that virtuous friendship is a relationship between the self and others that is balanced by both reason and emotion.Finally,the role of virtuous fraternity in Aristotelian ethics is clarified and the relationship between fraternity and happiness is shown to be of great importance to modern moral society.