Diachronic Description And Comparison Of The Chinese Word "Diao(掉)","Yao(摇)" And "Bai(摆)"

"Shake" is a commonly used action in daily life,and it is also a common word in Chinese.The Chinese "Diao(掉),Yao(摇),Bai(摆)" has the meaning of "shake" in different historical periods.They are clustered into the same semantic field and belong to synonyms.This is the commonality of the three.However,the three have many personalities in the history of Chinese,such as: each has different meanings other than "shaking",has different meanings development directions,different semantic object tendencies,different combinations and collocation tendencies,and strong positions in the meaning of "shaking" Different degrees and so on.In order to clarify the development of the meanings of the three words and their commonalities and individual relations,this article describes and compares the words "shaking,dropping,and swinging" in a diachronic manner.The full text is divided into five parts: The first part mainly introduces the reason for the topic selection and research significance,research status,corpus scope and research methods.In the second part,a diachronic description of "falling,shaking and swinging" is carried out to examine the meanings of the three words in each period,the generation and disappearance of the meaning of each word,and then compare it with the existing dictionaries,and give the dictionary Suggestions for adding or deleting meanings,and then re-summarizing the meanings,drawing a schematic diagram of the development of the meaning of the word according to the era and extension relations,and trying to use cognitive linguistics to make a certain explanation.Among them,the word meaning of "Dao(掉)" has the most abundant development.The phenomenon of grammaticalization began to occur in the Yuan Dynasty,but its meaning of "Yao(摇)" disappeared at the end of Song Dynasty.From the perspective of the meaning of "shaking",except for dialects and continuous words,there is always only the meaning of "shaking",but its semantic objects have obvious diachronic changes.Its characteristic is that the development of the meaning of the word "Shake" is different from the general law of "concrete to abstract",but gradually becomes more real."Pendulum" appeared from the end of Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the meaning of "shaking" was changed to the meaning of "placement".In the third part,the common meanings of "shaking" in "shaking,dropping and swinging" are extracted to compare the generations.The main contents of comparison are semantic objects and combinations.The semantic objects are divided into three categories: "human or animal(organs)","physical objects other than humans or animals" and "non-physical objects".Combination collocation focuses on the combination of verbs,as well as the nouns and objects of collocations.The fourth part connects the chronological results of the third part in series,and concludes that "shaking" is the main term in the semantic field,and its use cases are far more than "drop" and "pendulum",and the semantic objects and combinations are in each one.The times are also richer than "falling" and "swinging".In terms of semantic importance,the pre-Qin and Han dynasties had a tendency of "drop" to be greater than "shaking",but after the two Han dynasties,without context and modifiers,there was basically no difference in magnitude between the two.The "pendulum" is more inclined to low frequency or termination than "shaking".In terms of the meaning of a word,"shaking" has a process from virtual to real,while "drop" is always real.Except for a few more imaginary usages,the meaning of "swing" is also real.The fifth part summarizes the full text and summarizes the main conclusions of this article.The first is to examine the diachronic development of meanings of "drop,shake,swing" and re-summarize the meanings,indicate the era when the meanings appear and disappear,and give a dictionary Suggestions for amendments to related content in,and draw up a clue map of word meaning development,and theoretically explain some phenomena(such as grammaticalization).The second is to compare the semantic objects and combinations of the three words from both synchronic and diachronic aspects.It is concluded that "shaking" is the main term of the meaning of "shaking",and "falling" and "swinging" are in different historical periods.Both have used the meaning of "shaking" as the main meaning,and have competed with "shaking" in the meaning of "shaking",but none of them can shake the position of "shaking"."Shaking" has always maintained both its usage and meaning.The "half-contained" state of "drop" and "pendulum".In the end,the main meanings of "drop" and "pendulum" were changed from the meaning of "shaking" to other meanings.