The Activities Of Jurchens And Their Adherents Around Longshan Area As Seen In Archaeological Data

Around Longshan,where is the eastern and western part of Longshan of the southern section of the Greater Liupan Mountain,which is also under the jurisdiction of Jingzhaofu Lu,Fuyan Lu,Qingyuan Lu,Fengxiang Lu and Lintao Lu in the Jin Dynasty.Among the 11 known large bells of the Jin Dynasty around Longshan,we select 6 of the typical meanings and analyze the Jurchens recorded in their inscriptions to prove the historical facts about the activities of the Jurchens around Longshan.The Wanyan clan monument of the Jurchen adherents in Qishan County,Shaanxi Province,includes many figures and spans a long history.Although the Wanyan Yexiantimur and Wanyan Fude,fourth and fifth ancestor of the Wanyan clan in Qishan and others in the Taomin area,their activities were recorded in the local history books of Min County,but most members of the Wanyan clan still have been using the surname Wang given by the emperor and no longer used the original surname Wanyan in life,so their true identity as a Jurchen adherents was also difficult to detect.The activities of the Wanyan clan in Qishan were concentrated in the Taomin area,but their were no restrictions.They had also actives in Gansu Pingliang,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou and other places.The Wanyan clan in Qishan established marriage relationships with many ethnic groups such as Han,Tubo,Mongolia,Khitan and Jurchen.In terms of family relations,although the Jurchen adherents in Shaanxi Qishan and Gansu Jingchuan,were all surnamed Wanyan,the Wanyan clan of Qishan came from the Jurchen Zhuhu tribe and the Wanyan clan of Jingchuan came from the Jurchen Wanyan tribe.The origin of ancestors were different.The Han clan ancestors of the Jurchen adherents in Yuzhong County,Gansu Province,they had originally actives in the area north of Yanshan and entered the Zhongyuan area during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.The surname was changed to Han in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty and moved to Yuzhong County in the last years of Hongzhi.Because the cultural policy of prevented Huhua(胡化)in the early Ming Dynasty,the Pucha clan in Yuzhong County finally changed the"Pucha"which has a significant cultural symbolic meaning to the"Pu"surname.