| Anyone who has read shiji knows that the book shiji records a large number of prophecies.Sima Qian wrote a large number of mysterious and weird prophecies in his realistic historical works,which were refuted and praised by others.No matter what kind of evaluation,the focus is on the realistic meaning and political standpoint of the environment of the times,and the research on it only on the literary meaning or from the perspective of literature is rarely involved.It is undeniable that Sima Qian’s shiji is not only a history book,it should also be a literary book that is unique through the ages.The interweaving of historical writings also provides a huge room for extension and interpretation for the study of shiji.The first chapter mainly discusses the reason why Sima Qian recorded the prophecy in shiji.The historical events containing a large number of prophecies and other irrational factors in shiji are mainly related to the cultural environment of the early Han society and Sima Qian’s own historian quality.At the beginning of the Han Dynasty,the society of witchcraft was strong,the belief in ghosts and gods,and the witchcraft culture not only did not fade away at this time,people believed in spirituality,respect for ancestors,and respect for the heavens.Sima Qian was an official historian.The historical evolution from "unification of witch history" to "separation of witch history" allowed historians to inherit the tradition of wizards and strange speeches.His knowledge of knowledge includes many aspects such as history and witchcraft.Therefore,many historians in later generations are studying history.At the same time,they are often both good at talking and grotesque.Early historical books such as "Shangshu","Chunqiu","Zuo Zhuan","Guo Yu",etc.,have a large number of strange and strange examples,and Sima Qian still consciously adhered to this tradition when he wrote shiji.In the process of retelling historical materials,Sima Qian was deeply influenced by the environment of the times.From the perspective of subject acceptance,under the influence and influence of the social and cultural environment in the early Han Dynasty,he confidently grasped the inevitability of prophecy by using the writing principle of "belief to spread the letter,and doubt to spread the doubt".Sima Qian built a bridge between the social cultural environment of the early Han Dynasty and the prophetic records of shiji,and he himself was the middle linker.In this way,shiji recorded a large number of historical events involving irrational factors such as prophecies.The second,third,and fourth chapters mainly discuss how Sima Qian wrote prophecies.The prophecy writing in Sima Qian’s shiji mainly has three presentation forms and expression types,one is divination;the other is dream image;the third is physiognomy.From these aspects,we can examine Sima Qian’s attitude towards irrational historical events such as prophecy.This is also the basis for the study of shiji prophecy to discuss the divination,dreams,and physiognomy as chapters two,three and four.The second chapter discusses the related issues of the divination prophecy in shiji.The origin of divination is earlier,and the development of divination is different in different historical stages.Before the Spring and Autumn Period,divination occupied the mainstream position in many alchemy.There was a set of strict divination system,a special official of Taishi was responsible,and the scope of divination was wider.During the Warring States period,various divination methods such as wind angle and Wangqi were further evolved and developed,and the status of tortoise divination and scorpion gradually declined.During the Qin and Han Dynasties,especially during Emperor Wu’s dynasty,a variety of alchemy techniques developed and expanded rapidly.In this context,the ruling classes of different eras have used divination in political events to predict the luck of the country and personal misfortune.Along with the importance of the upper-class dignitaries on divination,the fortune-telling market has also become popular for a long time,subtly affecting the behavior habits and way of thinking of people in the early Han Dynasty.Chapter Three examines the prophecy of Mengzhan in shiji.Dream occupancy has a long history.It is an alchemy that uses occupancy as a medium and dreams as a precursor to predict the dreamer ’ s future good and bad luck.Meng Zhan has increased and decreased with the passage of time,and has undergone changes.It often appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.It was even more common in the early Han Dynasty.These contents are all expressed in shiji.The outstanding feature of its performance is the connection of dreams with national politics and personal future and destiny,and the use of diversified interpretations of dreams as the prerequisite and basis for realizing the interests of people of different classes in the early Han Dynasty.This helps us understand Sima Qian ’ s historical interpretation intentions.And the role of dreams in the "study between heaven and man".The fourth chapter examines the prophecy of Xiangshu in shiji.At the beginning of the Han dynasty,the ethos of attaching importance to body shape gave Xiangrenshu a more fertile living soil and a broad space for development,and it further gained the general attention of the people in the early Han Dynasty.While people paid attention to physical appearance,the belief in Xiangren developed further in the early Han society.Based on the appearance of people,people indirectly shaped the appearance of the people who were seen,which also played a promotional role in shaping the image of the characters.Xiangshu developed greatly in the early Han Dynasty.Not only professional Xianggong appeared,but also more non-professional Xianggong joined Xiangshu activities.The prosperous use of xiangshu in the Han Dynasty.During this period,the group of physiognomists was also more extensive,from the emperor to the prisoners,all over all social strata.The prosperity of social physiognomy in the early Han Dynasty was due to the close connection between physiognomy and personal future destiny,that is,by showing the physiognomy to people,one can predict a person’s future good and bad luck.The fifth chapter focuses on the role and influence of Sima Qian’s shiji record prophecy.Its function and influence are mainly discussed from the two aspects of history and literature.The role of historiography is two aspects:one is to integrate fragmented historical materials to form a complete historical event;the other is to present the contingency in the process of historical development and reveal more profound and complex historical laws.The role of literature is mainly discussed from three aspects:enhancing the mystery and making the narrative of the work extremely tense;shaping the image of the characters to show the fate of the various characters;expanding the storyline and enriching the narrative mode of literature.By analyzing the role and influence of the prophecies in shiji,we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the prophecies of shiji. |
