On Locke’s Liberalism Ethics

John Locke(29 August 1632-28 October 1704),a famous philosopher,political scientist,educator in the 17 th century in England.In the history of European thought,it is considered as the most influential enlightenment thinker,the earliest empiricist in Britain,and also known as the father of liberalism,which has a great influence in the field of ethics.He firmly opposed the theory of talent concept,put forward that morality originates from experience.Adhering to empiricism as the basis of ethical theory,and exploring liberalism can not only help us understand the origin and development of western historical and cultural traditions,but also help us to understand the western liberal human rights thought deeply.Freedom,not only the object of political research,should also exist in the research of ethics.His liberalism ethics contributed strong theoretical wisdom to break through the Western feudal cage,and laid a solid foundation for the progress and development of the liberalism in the western society.Locke’s liberalism shows the support and respect for human freedom right,which has certain research value.This paper attempts to analyze Locke’s liberalism from the perspective of ethics,deeply explore the basic content and Contemporary Enlightenment of Locke liberalism ethics,and systematically discuss its ethical significance and reference significance for China’s social construction,so as to provide reference for the further development of human rights thought in China.Locke’s liberal ethics is based on the background of his life,and is influenced and restricted by the economic,political and cultural level at that time.This paper first analyzes the origin of Locke’s liberal ethics from the political and cultural background of his time,including Locke’s unique experience,the promotion of bourgeois revolution after the baptism of the British Renaissance,the inheritance of Christian theology and the integration of natural law and social contract;The second chapter mainly discusses the theoretical basis and social security that liberalism ethics relies on,including Locke’s argument of the origin of morality and the source of liberalism at that time,thus creating a stable social environment for Locke’s liberalism;The third chapter is a systematic exposition of the content of Locke liberalism ethics,including: 1.The relationship between freedom and will.Locke refutes the traditional saying that "will freedom" is consistent with human ability in real life.Only when people have the ability to make decisions according to their own thoughts and behaviors can people be said to be free and in their own right Under the state.Freedom is only a force,can only belong to the subject,in the aspect of will,people are not free,people can achieve real freedom while reaping the best happiness.2."Life and freedom"-freedom is the core proposition of Locke’s ethical thought,and "life and freedom" is a transcendental view,which provides the feasibility basis for people’s will and behavior.In the natural state,everyone’s rights are free and equal.Freedom is natural,limited,and limited freedom is real freedom.3.Locke mentioned in his theory of human nature that the root of human behavior motivation is self-interest tendency of seeking pleasure and avoiding hardship.However,he does not think that his own happiness is opposite to others and social happiness.He thinks that the reason why people make mistakes in the choice of self-interest and altruism is caused by personal misjudgment.People should deal with both according to the rational requirements The relationship can achieve the integration of personality equality and mutual assistance;The fourth chapter mainly evaluates Locke liberalism ethics,analyzes the controversial problems,the significance of progress and summarizes the enlightenment to the construction of our society.It mainly discusses from the two aspects of freedom and responsibility.On the one hand,human beings are absolute freedom in choosing their own behaviors,on the other hand,they must be responsible for their free choice.Freedom and responsibility cannot be recognized Division,responsibility is the state of freedom must be grasped.When we emphasize the freedom of will of choice of behavior,we should realize our moral responsibility consciously.