Study Of The Mourning Poems In Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty was not only an important period for the development of Chinese literature,but also crucial moment for mourning poems.Due to the social,political,cultural and other factors in the song dynasty,the creation of mourning poems has made remarkable and amazing achievements,which is fully reflected in the increasing numbers of authors and mourning poems,and in the quality of them.In two ways,on the one hand,the poems of mourning for the dead in the Song Dynasty showed the characteristics of expanding the scale of creation,increasing the number of poems and poets,various themes of poems of mourning for the dead,rich contents and forms of expression.On the other hand,the authors of mourning poems in the song dynasty also showed a group effect that could not be ignored,and they had commonalities and personalities in background,marital status,family situation,and career experience.The close relationship between the official career and mourning creation of the literati in the Song Dynasty can also be seen from the time when the poets wrote poems.In addition,when the theme of mourning developed to the Song Dynasty,the Prosperous Development of Song Ci and funeral oration,and the language system with flexibility and diversity also showed the achievements of mourning literature in the Song Dynasty.First of all,the main writing methods of mourning poems in Song Dynasty include space-time writing,circumstantial writing and dream writing.It can be said that the former two have the universality of poetry writing,which is also the most common way in mourning poems,reflecting the commonality of mourning poems in writing techniques.The time and space writing is mainly represented by the poems of mourning by Wang Shipeng and Mei Yaochen in some special seasons and place,such as in the boat and Shenyuan Garden.It usually expresses the sadness of mourning by recalling the old times,the old places,comparing with others in the same time,comparing itself over time,and often express emotions in combination with the past and the past,childish contrast,self-mourning and other modes.While the writing of circumstance by Ludian mainly relies on the description of the natural scenery and the objects of daily life,take the scenery as the background object and the true feelings as the foundation to build the peak of the mourning poems in the song dynasty.The dream writing mainly expresses the satisfaction of Mei Yaochen‘s desire for remembering the dead wife and the feeling that life is like a dream.The latter two are more able to reflect the uniqueness of the writing style of mourning poems.The above three methods show the common and individual characteristics of the mourning poetry writing in the Song Dynasty.Secondly,in terms of imagery and allusions,on the one hand,there are three kinds of customary images in Song Dynasty’s mourning poems: natural,social and subjective illusory images.The imagery of mourning poems evolved into the Song Dynasty,and the proportion of natural scene decreased.Although the expression mode of mourning archetype "image" was inherited,the song dynasty paid more attention to the description of color.Moreover,they pay more attention to the description of daily specific social objects,expand the categories of animals and plants,enrich and refine their feelings,and are full of intellectual and rational reflection,so as to realize the reality of life more accurately.In addition,the contents of the ancient and modern events began to occupy the vast majority of the mournful poems in the song dynasty,most of which took the whole event as the carrier.This narrative factor made the poetry more lively and civilian.On the other hand,if the above images are more common in the creation of mourning poems,then the use of allusions is a new change in the development of mourning poetry to the song dynasty.The poetry of mourning for the dead in Song Dynasty has a wide range of allusions,which can be found in the collection of confucian classics,historical records,philosophical writings and miscellaneous works.Compared with the poetry of mourning for the dead in Tang Dynasty,the number of quotations far exceeds that of the tang dynasty,and the diversity of its types is even greater.As for the choice of poetic allusions,the mourning poems of song dynasty have a high degree of commonness with the former poets,such as the use of allusions to express the deep love between husband and wife.However,the mourning poems in song dynasty is more diversified in its exploration of new allusions,and different poets present different characteristics.Furthermore,the Song Dynasty’s mourning allusions have a high degree of subjective interpretation,which enables the creator’s individual perspective,or strengthens the meaning of a specific aspect,or expands,shrinks,or ignores some implications.Its own function of “metaphor” enriches the connotation of poetry,which is different from the unity of allusions used before Song Dynasty.More importantly,in terms of ideology,it takes Buddhism and Taoism as the outlet of emotional expression,and shows the characteristics of emphasizing Taoism more than Buddhism from the perspective of the performance characteristics of mourning poems in the song dynasty.In terms of content,it also shows the characteristics of hardship and transcendence.Secondly,from the perspective of the characteristics of the poetry style,the poetry system of mourning the death of the song dynasty,with five ancient style,seven-word quatrains,and multiple joint poems are the most common.Traditionally inheriting the five ancients,and advancing the seven uniques in innovation,it clearly shows the characteristics that are longer than the five ancients and seven uniques.The five ancients has a long writing tradition in the creation of mourning poems because it is longer than showing strong thoughts and feelings.And the seven unique the characteristics of rich ups and downs,brisk rhythm,strong fluency,easy to produce lingering sound,so the author with infinitive feelings feel that the words do not express the meaning,and the five ancient and seven unique became the most appropriate forms of expression of the thoughts of mourning.In addition,on the basis of inheriting the tradition of mourning poems,the authors of mourning poems in the Song Dynasty invented a new form of a multi-chapter + seven-word quatrain.From the content of the poems they mourned,we can also glimpse a new model of mourning in the Collection poem and Saoti poem.This also reflects the conscious pursuit and attempt of the Song Dynasty mourning poets for the creation and innovation of mourning poemsThirdly,as far as the lyric features of Song Dynasty’s mourning poems are concerned,the lyric mode of Song Dynasty’s mourning poems inherits the model of mourning and praising the virtues from previous dynasties.“Ode” and “praise” became one of the important contents of Song Dynasty’s mourning Poems.“Respect” and “grace” have become the prominent husband-and-wife relationship shown in Song Dynasty’s mourning poems.Moreover,the poets often express their regrets of life and leave,reminiscence of death,the sorrow and depression of life in plain language and implicit and deep writing,which has a strong focus on the secular characteristics of the present.