A Study On The Epitaphs Of Ancient Chinese Clans

As an extension of monarchy,patriarchal clan plays an important role in the process of ancient Chinese history.The particularity of clan membership often results in the particularity of its epitaph writing.Since Pan angxiao’s "Jinshi example" in the Yuan Dynasty,Wang Xing’s "Tomb inscription example",Guo Peng’s "Jinshi example supplement" in the Qing Dynasty,Liang tingpeng’s "Jinshi example" and other works of Jinshi case study have been repeatedly pointed out,but today,they are trivial,fragmented,superficial and impractical.This paper attempts to inherit and change the traditional epigraphy,pay attention to the epitaph after Song Dynasty,which is usually used as a single article to test history,but less attention to literature research,and take both the Shiben and the anthology into account.Taking the epitaph of ancestral clan of all dynasties with great particularity as the research object,this paper studies the changes of the writing and style form of the first title,the choice of writers and the change of Title arrangement,the change of the content and the image of the tomb owner,and the official The "examples" of epitaph writing,such as the evolution of form and style after the intervention,are to seek the "meanings" of social changes,times psychology,customs,legal system,ideological and cultural,stylistic evolution and many other aspects behind it.It is different from the ancient epigraphy in that it simply summarizes and discusses the norms of epitaph writing or directly lists some scattered epitaph examples.From the perspective of the evolution of the stone style of the epitaph of the patriarchal clan,the first title of the epitaph of the patriarchal clan changed from the combination of the officials and the princes from the northern and Southern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty to the obvious writing of the loss of official titles in the Ming Dynasty.In particular,attention should be paid to the fixity of the titles of Ming clan titles and the special attributes of "Jun Jun","Xian Jun" and "Xiang Jun".The unique way of writing the first topic of the epitaph of the patriarchal women became more and more distinct after the northern and Southern Dynasties.In the Northern Song Dynasty,there were a large number of style titles such as "Tomb records","posthumous records" and "stone records",while in the Ming Dynasty,there were more "Kuang records" in the first title of the clan epitaphs.The process of text generation,style form and style of the clan epitaphs under various style titles were also different from the common "epitaphs".As for the epitaph writers,since the official imperial clan epitaph was established in 738,it gradually became institutionalized and continued to the song and Ming Dynasties,while the selection of official writers,institutions and objects of writing changed with the dynasties and experienced several changes,and the corresponding writers’ office also showed a variety of evolution process.If we focus on the changes in the content of the preface to the epitaph of the patriarchal clan,we will change the emphasis of the content of the epitaph of the patriarchal clan from the achievements and undertakings of the northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty to the virtues and talents of the song and Ming Dynasty.The image of the patriarchal clan will change from the "vassal of the state" which was created before and before the Tang Dynasty to the "Tianzhi" which was covered and beautified in the song and Ming Dynasty.The image of the patriarchal clan or the lady or the virtuous woman will be shaped The widespread use of interlining technique.In terms of stylistic form and style,the institutionalized official way of writing since the establishment of the Imperial Academy in the Tang Dynasty has become the key to the epitaphs of the kings after the middle of the Tang Dynasty,most of the imperial family epitaphs of the Northern Song Dynasty,the imperial family epitaphs above the princes of the Ming Dynasty,which are short in length,simple in form and monotonous in style,and are compared with those of the imperial family epitaphs of the Tang Dynasty,the imperial family epitaphs of the Southern Song Dynasty,and the imperial family epitaphs below the emperor of the Ming county There is a sharp contrast between free and flexible forms and styles.This is also related to the influence of the different official writing methods on the generation of the imperial epitaph text,such as the less concerned object of epitaph writing,the organization and personnel of writing,the source of materials,the participation of relatives,the attitude and position of the writer,and the sense of stylistic acceptance.This paper tries to make a slight counteraction to the various problems existing in the study of traditional inscriptions.For example,the scholars of literature and history attach importance to the ancient but ignore the present,and attach importance to historical research and despise style and culture.Especially in literature research,it takes common examples as a special case,makes new knowledge based on common knowledge,and blindly focuses on the famous writers of inscriptions and articles under the condition of neglecting the overall creation of the times.It pays attention to the interpretation and analysis of the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the text,but ignores the process of text generation,dissemination and acceptance and the relevant historical and cultural background.