Study On Remains Of Building Construction In Shang And Zhou Dynasties In Guanzhong Area

The morphological and structural characteristics of building construction are influenced by natural environment,technological tradition,cultural customs and other aspects.The study of building construction is the archaeological observation and study of the building site form and construction technology left over from ancient remains.In this paper,the remains of buildings of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area are taken as the research object.Those buildings are classified and their tracks of spatial-temporal changes are investigated by stages and region.The structure of those remains is decomposed and the different technical development and characteristics of the building technology system is discussed in this paper.Compared with the housing construction in the surrounding areas in terms of form and technology,this paper considers the causes of the development and changes of the buildings of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong,and discusses the social and historical phenomena behind it.The paper can be divided into six parts:The first part is the introduction.This part mainly introduces the brief history of research about building construction of Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area.Meantime,this part shows the research contents,purposes and methods of this paper.The second part is the classification of building construction.This part lists the sites of housing construction of Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area which are mentioned in the published materials.And then this part carries out typological analysis about the typical relic found in the sites.By doing the integration classification,this paper divides the building construction of The Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area into two categories: buildings with rammed earth station base and buildings without rammed earth station base.Then,buildings without rammed earth station base are divided into three subcategories: cave dwelling,cave and ground according to the construction method.In addition,all the three building categories were divided into soil load-bearing type and wood load-bearing type which can subdivided into sub-types according to the building structure.The buildings with rammed earth station base are divided into soil and wood bearing type,soil auxiliary wood bearing type and wood bearing type according to the bearing structure.The third part is the study of the technology system of housing construction of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area.This part describes the characteristics and development of architectural technology from three aspects: structural technology,material technology and engineering practice.The fourth part distinguishes the periods of housing construction.With inductive statistical analysis,the development stages of housing construction of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area can be divided into three periods and five stages.And the characteristics of each periods are summarized in this part.Then,this part summarizes the spatial relationship changes of housing construction and other buildings by dividing the zone.Finally,this part briefly describes the space-time frame and evolution track of the housing construction of The Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area combining with the divide of stages.The fifth part is the comparative study of housing construction.By comparison,it can be seen that the building construction of The Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area less inherit the building technology of the earlier stage in the area and surrounding areas and have a certain gap in scale and technical quality with them.In the early Shang period,while the building technology in the core area of Shang culture was gradually accumulated,only sporadic building construction appeared in Guanzhong area at a later stage,which was different from that in the core area.In the late Shang Dynasty,housing construction in Guanzhong gradually developed.Influenced by northern culture,building construction with upper small bay and rammed earth walls appeared in the north of Guanzhong.The tradition of cave dwellings and interior structures may influenced the general housing construction technology in Fenghao area in the late Shang Dynasty.At the end of The Shang Dynasty,building construction in the western Part of Guanzhong area accepted a large number of the influence of high-level architectural factors of Shang culture.And then buildings with rammed earth station base appeared in this area.Since the second phase of Yin Ruins,the mature column network structure appeared in the eastern part of Guanzhong area.And this technology became simple and crude gradually in the later stage.Its construction technology may be inherited by Zhengzhou area in the later stage.The sixth part is the conclusion.The main understanding obtained in this paper is summarized in this part.