Study On Quarantine During The Period Of Nanjing National Government(1930—1937)

Quarantine is a health system introduced into China with the colonial invasion of western countries.It is set up to ensure the health of foreigners,economic and trade security and maintain the hygiene of the concession.Therefore,from the beginning,it has a strong characteristic of medical colonization,so the concept of quarantine and quarantine measures contain prejudice and discipline against the Chinese people.However,with the improvement of China’s international status’prestige after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,and under the influence of domestic nationalism and international health institutionalization,China took back the power of quarantine.Under the guidance of Dr.Wu Lien-teh,the National Quarantine Service was initially established,and the Shanghai Quarantine Service and Shanghai(central)cholera epidemic prevention Service were set up in this organization.These three institutions work together to deal with the ships quarantine and local epidemic prevention.In addition,in order to make the quarantine work have rules to follow,National Quarantine Service has unified administrative regulations.The standardization of these rules and regulations is an important symbol of the government’s independent legislation and promulgation of laws,and an important step to unify the quarantine policies,methods and measures of all ports in the country.It not only guides the quarantine service of other ports in the country,but also an important attempt to integrate with international quarantine.For keepping pace with the quarantine of advanced western countries,Wu Lien-teh made use of his international prestige and the historical background of studying abroad in western countries to establish contact with the Eastern Affairs Bureau of Singapore and maintain close cooperation with the League of nations.He sent staff to the western countries for studying their advanced quarantine technology,and hired experts from the League of nations to guide China’s port hygiene work.This not only established China’s local quarantine information network,but also joined the international quarantine network.In order to make quarantine more suitable for the habits and needs of the Chinese people,Wu Lien-teh has carried out the "localization" about the quarantine workflow,quarantine concept and quarantine knowledge,which not only reduces the expenses of fumigation and disinfection work,but also reduces the resistance to the implementation of quarantine in China,curbs the spread of epidemic diseases,and improves the sanitary environment of the port.On the other hand,the way of"localization" is also an embodiment of the institutionalization of Western sanitation system in China.In addition,Wu Liande and others also launched the local port quarantine office to investigate and control rat fleas,rodents and epidemics,and wrote an introduction to cholera and an introduction to plague,which not only refuted the"endogenous theory of cholera epidemic in Shanghai",but also provided theoretical guidance for plague prevention and control.After the "localization" transformation,quarantine,which originally belonged to the Western health system,was internalized into a part of the health system of the Republic of China.It changed people’s health habits and port health conditions,improved people’s awareness of epidemic prevention,and promoted the health of Chinese people.It has a certain guiding significance for the establishment and improvement of the national defense epidemic system in modern China.At the same time,the "localization" of quarantine is also a miniature of the institutionalization of hygiene in the Republic of China.The study of this process can provide a new perspective for understanding the social changes in modern China.However,it is difficult to measure the actual effect of quarantine with data enterprises,and it will hinder the normal operation of the society and cause potential economic losses.Therefore,it is necessary to introspect on the intensity,standard and scope of quarantine,which is not only conducive to the comprehensive evaluation of quarantine,but also has certain reference value to us.