| In the book "Sur la reproduction",Louis Althusser tried to return to historical materialism.Through a detailed analysis of the reproduction of capitalist society,he deeply studied what happened in the process.The series of ideological deceptions creatively put forward an ideological critical theory starting from the reproduction of capitalism.Regarding this theory,there are many enthusiastic supporters in the academic circle and sharp criticism,but no matter how praised it is,Althusser is a crucial figure in the history of ideological research.The ideological critical theory he put forward in his book "Sur la reproduction"has become one of the most important parts of his ideological system;it has become one of the important ideas that have influenced the entire history of ideological research and has profoundly affected future generations;among them The core concept has become an inevitable professional concept in ideological research.To study Althusser’s theory,we must first clarify the innovation of the ideological concept proposed by Althusser in "Sur la reproduction".The appearance of this concept is a process from scratch.First of all,Althusser changed the long-term research horizon of ideological research.Before the publication of "On Reproduction",ideological research was often confined to the realm of spirit and ideas.The term ideology often refers to the collection of spirit and ideas,and it is still only a component of human inner consciousness.On the basis of the theoretical framework of "anti-humanism" and "process philosophy" formed in his early years,Althusser put forward the concept of material form of ideology,and realized the problem domain of ideological theory has changed from abstract theory to concrete Changes in the realm of material practice.Secondly,Althusser put forward a brand new concept of bourgeois labor ideology through in-depth study of the reproduction of production relations in capitalist society.He believes that the reproduction of contemporary capitalist society has undergone drastic changes,especially in the division of labor.The rationality of technology has been organically combined with the reality of division of labor.The division of labor can be divided into social division of labor and technical division of labor.Two aspects.Regardless of whether it is the social division of labor or the technical division of labor,it is nothing more than a labor ideological deception by the bourgeoisie in order to solidify class rule and conceal the exploitative nature of its production relations.In terms of its function,this ideology uses a two-way mirror structure to incorporate people into the relationship of ideology through a series of interrogation processes,turning people into the subject of ideology,and humans and ideology have become interdependent.The successful coupling relationship realizes the reconstruction and reconstruction of people’s self-cognition and subjectivity.At the same time,Althusser believed that the difference between ideology in this process is that it can transform itself into a concrete objective material existence through a series of material practices.In previous studies on reproduction,people did not pay much attention to the reproduction of production conditions,but Althusser regarded it as the first condition to ensure the smooth operation of reproduction,and pointed out that the reproduction of labor is the most core content and the reproduction of production conditions.Elements.On this basis,Althusser believed that the deception of bourgeois labor ideology was first reflected in the hidden conditions of labor reproduction—technical qualifications and moral qualifications—and that ideology became the rules of bourgeois education division and knowledge monopoly.Training mechanism.Second,ideology is embodied in the state apparatus,forming a special state ideology discipline machine.Through the reconstruction of the historical materialism "topography",Althusser believed that ideology has transcended the scope of being a "ideological superstructure" and has become an ideological state apparatus(AIE)with material entities.This AIE is the ruling class It has mastered and imposed a special ideology on the whole society,realizing ideological discipline in all aspects from the country to the society.But in "Sur la reproduction",Althusser’s analysis of ideology is not negative and pessimistic.Through this analysis,he wants to gain a deeper understanding of the latest changes in the rule of the bourgeoisie,so as to establish a ideology of breaking capitalist labor.The theory of revolution and class struggle that transcends the exploitation and rule of the bourgeoisie.He believes that the significance of ideology and its realization mechanism is not purely negative,and its emergence can also provide a new field of class struggle for the proletarian revolutionary struggle.The proletariat needs:First,to actively cultivate the class consciousness of the proletariat,to actively carry out economic class struggle in the process of capitalist reproduction,and to prepare for the realization of political class struggle and proletarian revolution;second,to actively cultivate the proletariat Class consciousness strengthens the class power of the proletariat and strengthens the power of the working class party as the vanguard of the proletariat.The proletarian party should use the ideological state apparatus as a new face of struggle to continuously strengthen its own construction and lead the proletariat to finally subvert the bourgeois class rule and achieve the ultimate victory of the proletarian revolution.The critical theory of ideology in Althusser’s "Sur la reproduction"undoubtedly has important theoretical and practical significance.He broke through the research paradigm of the "upside-down"(Perry Anderson)of Western Marxism and opened up the interpretation of consciousness from the perspective of reproduction.The new vision of morphological puzzles has perfected the relevant "descriptive" content in Marxist-Leninist theory.At the same time,Althusser’s critical theory of ideology also has certain limitations:for example,Althusser has certain tools in the analysis process.In the analysis of the conditions of labor reproduction,the discussion on the problem of knowledge monopoly has been inconsistent with the actual development to a certain extent.But there is no doubt that Althusser’s ideological theory has a profound influence on the researchers behind him,such as Michel Foucault,Michel Peschau,Terry Eagleton,etc.in Althusser’s theory On the basis of,the further inheritance and expansion of the problem domain proposed by Althusser is realized.Combining the critical theory of ideology in Althusser’s "On Reproduction" with Chinese context is conducive to a better understanding of China’s ideological construction and development reality,and provides effective theoretical reference and ideas for strengthening the construction of mainstream socialist ideology Resources. |
