Huang Guo was an important ancient country in the Huaihe River Basin in the pre-Qin period.The previous scholars’ special research on Huang Guo has been fruitful,but there has not been any achievement to explore Huang’s archaeological and historical panorama.In recent years,archaeologists have done a lot of work in Xinyang area,excavated a number of archaeological materials about Huangguo,and provided an opportunity for comprehensive study of Huangguo’s history and culture.Through combing the archaeological materials of Huang,and combining with the records of the literature,this paper investigates the archaeological culture,rise and fall of the national clan,historical geography and so on in the process of Huang’s founding in Huai Shui to being destroyed by Chu.The text is divided into three chapters:The first chapter mainly discusses the territory,cities and settlements of Huang.Archaeological data show that the territory of Huangguo is bounded by the Huaihe River in the north,reaches the northern foot of Dabie Mountain in the south,reaches the high store of Luoshan in the west,and Mopan Mountain in the east and Laolidian in the east,mainly including Guangshan,Luoshan and Sichuan in Xinyang,Henan Province.In terms of the cities of Huang,the old city of Huang and the ancient city of Gaodian are the two most important cities of Huang,among which the old city of Huang is the capital city.The plane of the old city of Huangguo is rectangular,and the large building base is concentrated in the south and southwest of the city.Construction began two weeks ago and continued until the late warring States period.The ancient city of Gaodian is the Fengyi of Huang Guo’s family.Huang Guo settlement is mostly along The Xiaohe River,the Bailu River,the Luohe River,the Zhai River and the Zhugang River are distributed in the flat terrain,and a few in the valley area.The second chapter mainly focuses on the tomb and burial materials of Huang Guo.In terms of burial objects,there are many kinds of bronze ware in Huangguo,among which tripod is divided into two types and seven types,and the pot is divided into two types and the pot It is divided into three types,the pot is divided into two types,the plate is divided into two types and four types,and the pot is divided into two types and two types.Buried with the basic combination of bronzes for tripod,beans,pot,plate,chu,different from Zhou,but also different from Chu.The basic combination of pottery is the pot,which is divided into four types.In terms of cultural features,before the early period of the middle of the Spring and Autumn period,the cultural factors of the objects buried in the aristocratic tombs of the State of Huang were mainly Zhou culture,both Qunshu culture and Huaisi culture,as well as strong local cultural factors.After the late Spring and Autumn period,Chu cultural factors have occupied a dominant position and become the mainstream culture.The tombs of Huangguo are divided into three periods:early Spring and Autumn period,middle Spring and Autumn period and late Spring and Autumn period.Early Spring and Autumn in the late section to Yu Lou M1 as the representative,the combination of objects to basin,plate,mainly.In the early part of the Spring and Autumn Period,represented by the tomb of Huangguo in Mopanshan,Huangguo in Luoshan Gaodian,Huangjun Meng and his wife,Huang Ji Tuo’s father’s tomb,the unearthed objects were composed of tripod,basin,pot,plate and mound.Yu Lou M5、M10 belongs to the middle of the Spring and Autumn period,the main burial objects are Yu Lou M12、M19 belongs to the late Spring and Autumn period,while Yu Lou M4、M7 belongs to the late Spring and Autumn period.In the late Spring and Autumn period,the tombs did not see bronze ritual vessels,and the burial objects were mainly GE.In terms of the features of burial form,it not only draws lessons from the Central Plains Ji Zhou culture,but also has personality characteristics.To some extent,some burial customs of Huangguo tombs affect the development of Chu culture.For example,outside the tombs of Chu tombs,there are also tall and sealed earth piles.The third chapter mainly studies the historical geography and culture of Huang.Huang was established in the Huaihe River Basin by the late Western Zhou Dynasty,and reached the peak of national strength in the early and mid Spring and Autumn period,but with the rise of Chu power,it was destroyed by Chu in 648 BC.After the Huang State was destroyed by Chu,the land entered the Chu land,for the Chu people.The bronze inscriptions show that Huang’s Xiaozong has Huang Zhong’s,Huang Ji’s and Shi’s,among which he owns his own Fengyi and competes with the bulk.Politically,Huang not only had close relations with neighboring Zeng,Chu,Jiang,Dao,Bai,Xian and Pan states,but also with Zhou Room as well as far away in Shandong Qi,Ju state-owned political ties.Due to the particularity of geographical location,Huang made good contact with Chu in the early Spring and Autumn period,and Yu Chu had the obligation to pay tribute and serve.In marriage,Huang and Zengguo and other countries of Ji frequent intermarriage,but also with Jiang,Dao,Bai,string and other state-owned marriage. |