The Research On The Acquisition Of Chinese Potential Complement By Japanese Students

The Potential complement is a language item that is used more frequently in Chinese daily communication.Based on the contrastive analysis theory,bias analysis theory,mediated language theory,and acquisition order hypothesis,this paper investigates the acquisition of The Potential complement by Japanese learners of intermediate and advanced Chinese proficiency through Chinese-Japanese comparison,corpus statistics,questionnaire survey,and bias analysis.The order of acquisition of the Potential complement by Japanese Chinese learners was determined by using the relative frequency method.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows.The first is a comparative study of Chinese-Japanese expressions.In terms of structure,Chinese possible expressions are basically unrestricted with respect to the subject of action and verb properties,while in Japanese,the subject of action is usually an animate object and the verb is mostly a volitional word.Semantically,the similarity lies in the fact that both Chinese and Japanese possible expressions can be used to express the possibilities of ability,condition,permission,and attribute,while the difference lies in the fact that Chinese enactive verbs can also express the speculation of the possibility of something happening.Linguistically,there are more differences between Chinese and Japanese,for example,the focus of sentence expression in Chinese is mainly on the complement,while in Japanese it is on the verb part.Second,by analyzing the data from the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the questionnaire,the following findings were obtained:the most frequently used type of possible complement in the corpus was"verb+got/not+tendency verb（in the sense of derivation）",the most correct was"verb+got/not+got₂（completion）",and"possible complement interrogative"was the least used and the least correct structure.The main types of errors in the corpus are the mixed use of subcategories of the potential complement,the wrong use of the potential complement,and improper matching of verbs and complements.The learners’acquisition of the possible complement interrogative and the verb+must/shall not structures was not satisfactory,and they were more likely to avoid using the potential complement.Based on the above survey,this paper analyzes the factors that affect Japanese Chinese learners’acquisition of the potential complement from both internal and external aspects of the language,and proposes teaching suggestions for the arrangement of teaching materials,classroom teaching and students’learning,hoping to provide more effective references for Japanese Chinese learners,Chinese teachers and textbook writers.Finally,the paper takes the The Potential complement of Lesson22 Ting bu dong mei guan xi in The Road to Success 2 as an example and makes a corresponding teaching design,hoping to provide some new ideas for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.