Research On Northeast Local Autonomy Research Institute In The Late Qing Dynasty

The modern western democratic system has the following elements: the first is the constitution,the second is the heads of the elected parliament and the elected administrative agencies,the third is the system of separation of powers,the fourth is universal suffrage,and the fifth is the separation of powers between the central and local governments.This is the fundamental difference between the Western democratic system and the Eastern centralized system.The core of the decentralization system is local autonomy,that is,local governments have relatively independent power to make laws under the same constitution.Autonomy is the matter of ruling the local people by local people,and its form includes three aspects,namely,local councils,local heads,and independent budgets.However,because the governors each have a certain regional scope,it is called local autonomy.Local autonomy was proposed by the European and American bourgeoisie to oppose feudal dictatorship and request participation in political power.It is the basic structure of a constitutional democratic system.The first level of local autonomy means that local administrative heads and councillors are elected by election;the second level means that European states,provinces,counties,and municipalities,towns,and villages under their jurisdiction take the form of self-government.In the late Qing Dynasty,the three provinces of the Northeast were the land of Longxing.Since Gengzi,the local officials,except for the generals,have been in vain.At this time,Western autonomy thought was introduced into China.As a "medium social man",the gentry was naturally influenced by Western constitutional autonomy and actively advocated local autonomy in order to open up people’s wisdom and air.One of the manifestations was establishment.Institute of Local Autonomy.The Northeast Institute of Local Autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty was a department that taught the rules of autonomy,popularized Western constitutional knowledge,and selected autonomous staff.It was a quasi-official organization that prepared parliaments and local elections under the three provinces and the prefectures and counties of the provinces and counties in the early stage of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty.After studying and graduating from the self-government research institutes established in various provinces and local governments,prefectures and counties,these knowledgeable scholars went to various places to speak and propagate,and played an active role in spreading the idea of??autonomy and promoting the Northeast constitutional autonomy movement.In view of this,this article will analyze and study the institution of the Autonomous Institute and its tremendous role in a specific historical background from the following four aspects.First,this article mainly elaborates the background of the establishment of the Northeast Institute of Local Autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty.Focus on the political background of the establishment of the autonomous institute,including the direct reasons and main motives;the legal background of the establishment of the autonomous institute,including the programmatic document "the list of gradual preparations for the nine-year preparatory constitution" and the implementation rules "the constitution of the autonomous institute",etc..Secondly,it mainly discusses the establishment and operation of the Institute of Local Autonomy of the Three Eastern Provinces,including two aspects: one is the establishment and operation of the Provincial Institute of Autonomy of the Three Eastern Provinces,and the other is the establishment and operation of the Provincial Institutes of Local Autonomy of the Three Eastern Provinces.Thirdly,it mainly discusses the establishment of Chengxiang Autonomous Office in the three eastern provinces.It discusses the establishment and operation of Chengxiang Autonomous Office in the three eastern provinces.Finally,it mainly discusses the Northeast Institute of Local Autonomy and local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty.Including the establishment of the Member Election and Consultation Bureau of the Three Eastern Provinces in the late Qing Dynasty,and the active role of the Northeast Institute of Local Autonomy in opening up the rule of the people and promoting the idea of ??constitutional autonomy,discussing and summarizing the problems and deficiencies in the establishment of the Institute of Autonomy,and The enlightenment of constitutional politics to today’s China.