| Tan Zhengbi is a scholar who has made outstanding contributions to the study of Chinese literature in the 20 th century.His achievements in the field of female literary criticism cover all the past and present.He not only compiled The History of Chinese Female Literature about ancient female writers,which was edited and republished many times,and was once called "a book of Tan Zhengbi".He also compiled Selected Novels of Contemporary Women Writers in 1944,and participated in literary activities with Zhang Ailing,Su Qing,Guan Lu and other women writers in the occupied area of Shanghai.The main research content of this paper is to analyze Tan Zhengbi’s criticism of female literature,to explore a side of female literary criticism from the male perspective,and to find the growth point of female literary criticism,so as to promote the more efficient development of contemporary female literature research.This paper is divided into two parts: introduction and text.The introduction part explains three issues,namely: Tan Zhengbi’s life and academic achievements,domestic and foreign scholars’ research status on Tan Zhengbi’s female literary criticism and the significance of the topic selection,the research methods and research characteristics of this paper.In the body part,Tan Zhengbi’s female literary criticism is discussed in three parts:The first part of the text discusses Tan Zhengbi’s female criticism,including Tan Zhengbi’s female image criticism and female writing criticism.In the process of criticizing Chinese female images,Tan Zhengbi found that the functions of female characters in male texts mainly focus on carrying "emotionality" and highlighting "sense of surprise".Firstly,female characters can enhance the emotional color of the text and enrich the character of male characters.Secondly,because of the character "female",female in the text can arouse the reader’s stronger sense of surprise and produce more aesthetic expectation.In terms of female writing criticism,his History of Chinese Female Literature is the first named history of Chinese female literature after "female" rather than "women",and the difference of each word implies a more distinct female consciousness.When compiling,he found that the appearance of ancient female writers in the process of literary production could affect their writing style,and the status of being "watched" made them think more about gender subjects.The second part of the text discusses Tan Zhengbi’s criticism of literary history,including Tan Zhengbi’s basic thoughts on literary history,the law of the development of female literature and the writing characteristics of literary history.First of all,he was mainly influenced by the "evolutionary conception of literary ",and always maintained the pure literary view to collect and collate.With the view of history of both sexes,he paid attention to the development of literature from both inside and outside.He believed that the internal evolution process of women’s literature was still valid to be marked by the stylistic type,and the historical study of women’s literature should also pay attention to the role of factors such as the spirit of the time,the regional color and the writer’s personality.Secondly,the development of female literature presents the characteristics of purity and lag.Female literature continues the tradition of graceful and restrained literature in China,and the lag of female literature in the field of popular literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties helps to realize the transformation from diachronic research to synchronic research,so as to transfer the focus of research from the creator to the recipient.Thirdly,the literary history of women cares for readers with the characteristics of rhetorical writing,feeling the beauty of women’s lives and giving them greater space for development.The third part of the body discusses Tan Zhengbi’s criticism of anthologies,which mainly includes anthologies and evaluation criteria,classification and order of anthologies.Firstly,among the selection and evaluation criteria,the inclusion criteria are the female works with soft beautiful style,while his evaluation criteria are the authenticity of both the external world and the inner feelings.Secondly,in terms of the classification of anthologies,he classifies them based on the characteristics of texts and their relationship with authors.In terms of the characteristics of texts,they can be divided into two categories: emphasizing the form and emphasizing the content;in terms of the creation mode,they can be divided into two categories: the idea first and the true feelings revealing.Thirdly,in terms of the order of anthologies,he placed the popular Zhang Ailing and Su Qing at the beginning of the anthologies,reflecting his awareness that the literary world at that time had been affected by the capital market.He places his favorite Tang Xuehua,who reflects reality,in the middle,and the female writer who pursues light at the end,which still demonstrates his adherence to his own appreciation interests.The fourth part of the text discusses the significance and value of Tan Zhengbi’s female literary criticism.First of all,Tan Zhengbi has a more fair critical attitude towards the writing of the history of female literature.Compared with Xie Wulang and Liang Yizheng,Tan Zhengbi holds a more positive gender consciousness in the writing of the history of ancient female literature and encourages women to discover and express themselves.When writing about female writers in the history of modern literature,he thought that their creation should pay more attention to the social reality,and should not be confined to their own small world.Therefore,he became one of the early compilers of modern literature history to divide Bing Xin into two parts.Secondly,his selection of Shanghai female writers’ novels in the occupied area can be regarded as a kind of "present" criticism,and he does not only focus on the forbearance and weakness of female writers in the special period of the country,but also shows a side of female intellectuals’ creation and their minds under the squeeze of urban civilization.Finally,his criticism of female literature is of reference significance for breaking through the dilemma of contemporary female literature studies.Tan Zhengbi’s critical thoughts,which are based on the social reality,discovering the aesthetic differences between the sexes,encouraging women to give play to their own characteristics and enter the social life,and accumulating certain experience before writing,are helpful to alleviate the problem of the narrow themes in the upsurge of female literature in the 1980 s and 1990 s.Moreover,Tan Zhengbi’s critical concept aimed at literature research is helpful to get rid of the radical influence of western feminist movement on Chinese female literature.Therefore,Tan Zhengbi’s female criticism can be regarded as one of the possible approaches to get out of the predicament of contemporary female literature studies. |
