A Study Of Chen Ding’s Unofficial Biography Of Liuxi

unofficial biography of Liuxi is a private history book by Chen Ding,a literati in the early Qing Dynasty,with 18 volumes,It is divided into 14 parts:Zhongyi,Xiaoyou,Neo-Confucianism,Hermit,Lian Neng,Yi Xia,Youyi,Kujie,Jielie,Zhenxiao,Zhenlie,Kunde,Immortal,Zhenliu.The book presents a group portrait of sentient beings from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties from the perspective of the commoner literati.Due to various reasons,the audience of unofficial biography of Liuxi is few,and its many values have not yet received enough attention from the academic community.This article takes this book as the research object,and makes a preliminary discussion from the aspects of its completion,the image of the master,the meaning of value and the artistic characteristics.The full text is divided into four parts.The first chapter introduces the general situation of the book unofficial biography of Liuxi.This chapter discusses the author Chen Ding’s life and friends.When he was a child,Chen Ding followed his uncle to Yunnan and married and gave birth in Yunnan.Soon after,he traveled all over the country and spent more than 20 years abroad,returning to his hometown in his later years.His works are quite fruitful,and his writing covers a wide range,including biographies,animals,plants and other miscellaneous notes.Chen Ding ’ s family school originated from the Donglin School represented by Gu Xiancheng and Gao Panlong.He had close contacts with many famous people at that time.Secondly,it discusses the book-making process of unofficial biography of Liuxi.There are two versions of unofficial biography of Liuxi..The book was created by Chen Ding during his travels abroad.Chen Ding’s friends actively participated in the work of Fu Zi and proofreading of unofficial biography of Liuxi.Thirdly,the style of unofficial biography of Liuxi is defined,and it is considered that unofficial biography of Liuxi is of private historical nature.Most of the articles are biographical texts,which areactually novel-like or individual chapters that have been transformed into novels.Finally,from the ideological and political control in the early Qing Dynasty,political turmoil provided a source of material for the revision of history.At that time,private history was of great commercial value,and the history of revision history prevailed from four angles.The second chapter is an analysis of the image the hero of biography in unofficial biography of Liuxi.unofficial biography of Liuxi is arranged according to the principle of "following by category".Because there are too many categories in the book,it is divided into four categories of characters: Zhongyi,Yixia,Xiaoyou and Chastity,and analyse these images.Loyalty characters are loyal to monarchs,bosses and masters.The heroes of the heroes are Shangyi Lianneng and Xingxia.The filial figures pay close attention to each other,and once they are seriously ill and difficult to treat,they will save them by cutting their arms.Parents and Father-in-law and mother-in-law were wronged and avenged,they will definitely clean up their grievances and revenge.Some of the chastity princes are martyrs,Some of the chastity figures are martyrs,some are solitary,and some prefer to disfigur women who do not want to remarry.The characters in the biography always revolve around the idea of "loyalty,filial piety and justice",and Chen Ding wants to perpetuate this moral and ethical paradigm.The third chapter is the value implication of unofficial biography of Liuxi.Starting from three aspects,the first is the writing tenet of unofficial biography of Liuxi.Its aim is to maintain the Gang Chang and Ming Jiao.Chen Ding was influenced by Confucianism since he was a child,and he took the San Gang and Wu Chang as his norms.Secondly,excavate the spiritual connotation of the strange behaviors and abundance appearing in unofficial biography of Liuxi..Most of the masters in unofficial biography of Liuxi are those who behave in a strange way,or they mark themselves with extraordinary behaviors,such as dumbness,madness,etc.And other extreme behaviors.The spiritual connotation,as far as the level of the master is concerned,actually contains the painful anger and loyalty of the homeland group,or the extraordinary practice of moral integrity.As far as writers are concerned,it is not only the need for a consensus on writing in the Ming jie,but also that everyday behavior and ordinary morality are more likely to play a role in persuading and punishing.Finally,it discusses the bottom perspective of unofficial biography of Liuxi.The book has very few meritorious fame,but more ordinary people.This article divides it into two types of discussion,one for all students-the bottom of the scholar class,and one for the other bottom figures.The large number of predecessors of the former reflects the author’s certain sentiments;the latter involves multiple identities,occupations and types.The bottom perspective of unofficial biography of Liuxi is related to the nature of this book’s private history,and is also closely linked to Chen Ding’s own experience and historian’s vision.The fourth chapter is artistic features of unofficial biography of Liuxi.This article selects three main features to talk about.The first is its narrative skills,which are notably focused on contrasting contrast techniques and key plots and typical details.Chen Ding likes to compare his biography with those who have no moral sentiment in order to highlight the image of the biography.It is mostly based on brief biography of characters,and it is not only unrealistic to want to write the life of the Biography in a few hundred words,and it is not easy to be incorporated into the value system and ideological structure of the entire book.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on highlighting the key events and typical details of the master.Most chapters of this book do this.Secondly,the discussion about its language art.The basic language style can be summarized as concise and natural,without falseness,which is consistent with the spirit of historical records.But conciseness does not mean simplicity.Chen Ding is also very good at writing people’s narratives from subtlety,delicate and expressive,and shows extremely deep language skills.The language of a small number of chapters is gorgeous,reserved,with the language of legendary novels.Finally,it focuses on its comments at the end of the article.This book was deeply influenced by Shi Ji.The "Wai Shishi say" at the end of the chapter directly inherited the criticism tradition of " Tai shigong say".Its function has three main points: one is to directly comment on the characters;the other is to supplement the source of materials;thethird is to use the questions to play,to satire the world’s sentiments.Chen Ding has revealed his distinct and strong feelings of love and hate in many commentaries.From the perspective of sentence structure,he can not do without the use of a large number of exclamatory and rhetorical sentences in " Wai Shishi say ".The last part is the conclusion of this paper.