| Since the enlightenment,the issue of equality has occupied an important position in the history of thought.As the first mature work after Marx’s historical materialism was published publicly,Poverty of Philosophy takes philosophy as the starting point to treat equality,criticizes the way that Proudhon abstracts equality in Philosophy of Poverty and makes it a universal formula to solve all practical problems.Based on historical materialism,Marx put forward a new concept of equality,which is different from that of political economy and socialism.It has important theoretical and practical significance.Marx’s revolutionary criticism of the Book Philosophy of Poverty contains the change of philosophical thinking,the return of philosophy to real life and the brewing of a new philosophical world outlook.On the issue of equality,Marx adopted the exploration way of seeking theoretical expression which is different from that of Proudhon and the previous philosophy,and devoted himself to seeking the realistic basis of theoretical generation.In order to understand this idea,we should start with the Philosophy of Poverty by Proudhon.From the sensitive problem of social poverty,Proudhon’s concept of equality can be summed up in three aspects: the theory of value proportion as the theory of equality,a series of dialectics to construct the system of equality and the theory of equal realization of class harmony.On this basis,Proudhon tried to solve all social development problems with equality.Marx criticized the basic characteristics and specific connotation of the equality view of Proudhon from three aspects of labor,history and class revolution.On the premise of equality theory,we should replace "exchange" with "production";on the logic of equality theory,we should replace "concept" with "history".In this process,Marx criticized a series of erroneous definition of equality theories,such as political economists and socialists,with the clue of criticizing the equality concept of Proudhon.In the wave of departure from the old world outlook,Marx,from the perspective of historical materialism,provides us with an analysis method different from that of the petty bourgeoisie represented by Proudhon,and at the same time,it also foreshadows the proletariat’s ability to obtain power and ultimately realize true equality through its own continuous development.Through the comparative study of Philosophy of Poverty and Poverty of Philosophy,this paper reveals Marx’s dissatisfaction with the abstract mystery of equality.It shows how Marx established his own equality theory through the premise replacement and logic reconstruction of the equality theory of prudence,and based on this,discusses the way to realize true equality and the way to solve the poverty problem. |
