A Study On The Documents Of Hankou Dialects Outside The Territory In The Late Qing And Early Ming

After the first Opium War,Western missionaries frequently came to China to preach.In order to facilitate Westerners to learn the local language,they compiled a series of dialect words(characters),describing the Chinese dialects of that period.Most of these editors are missionaries,some are consulate staff,and there are also some scholars who are dedicated to Sinology research.Before coming to work in China,they need to pass a special Chinese test and screening,so they have a certain level of Chinese and a relatively rigorous academic attitude.We are fortunate to have collected four books(words)related to Hankou dialects,namely Giles ’s "Chinese-English Dictionary",James Addison Ingle ’s "Chinese Phonetic Collected Characters",Mrs.Arnold Foster’s "Chinese Dialect English-Chinese Pocket Dictionary",Donald "Hankou Dialect English-Chinese Pocket Dictionary".The first chapter of the thesis mainly discusses the editor’s life and his works,and briefly introduces the style and characteristics of the four-part word(character)dictionary.The four dictionaries cover the Hankou dialects from the 1990 s to the 1920 s.The thesis focuses on the phonetics and vocabulary of this period.In terms of phonetics,compare the phonological system of Hankou dialects in the four dictionaries and analyze the phonetic characteristics of this period.The iai vowels are recorded in the dictionaries of Giles and Mrs.Arnold Foster,and they exist in the second-class good,crab and hexagram rhymes of the Middle Ages.They are a phenomenon of superposition of the pronunciation of literary reading and white reading.The biggest feature of speech during this period is the existence of a large number of different readings,and it is still in the transition period to the modern Wuhan dialect.Finally,to evaluate the pros and cons of the four dictionaries in terms of phonology,this article believes that the phonetic transcription of the Fuji-Dictionary tends to be in Beijing dialect.The pronunciation of "Han Yin Ji Zi" is more "pure" than the other three dictionaries.Represents the pronunciation of the Wuhan dialect,but its description of the phenomenon of different readings is not as detailed as the "Chinese-English Dictionary".Through these different readings,we can sum up the laws of phonetic evolution.In addition,Giles did not fully accept Zhuang Yanling ’s phonetic transcription,but instead changed some of the characters systematically to Beijing pronunciation,which made the pronunciation of some words in the Chinese-English Dictionary lose objectivity.In terms of vocabulary,the main research objects are the Foster and Donald dictionaries.This article first selects the basic vocabulary of the two dictionaries,analyzes the difference between the basic vocabulary of the two dictionaries and the "Wuhan Dialect Dictionary" and Putonghua by calculating the data ratio,and their "purity" in terms of vocabulary;The representative dialect feature words were analyzed,and it was concluded that the Wuhan dialect in the early 20 th century already had certain dialect features,and the basic dialect feature words have been used to this day.This section also demonstrates the dialect feature word "乖"."拐" in "Wuhan Dialect Dictionary" means "bad,inferior",this article believes that its original word should be "乖".The third section of the vocabulary part mainly explains the emergence of new words from the field of social life and culture.Section 4 starts with different fields and different types of words and analyzes the characteristics of Wuhan’s daily life,religious culture and customs at that time.