The Study Of Western Discipline Classification Names In The Chinese Literature Of Missionaries In The Late Ming And Early Qing Dynasties (1582-1724)

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, a large number of members of the society of Jesus to spread Catholicism came to China to spread Catholicism and identified the "academic mission" route. Under the direction of the route, the missionaries introduced the Western advanced scientific knowledge in the Chinese translations. Therefore, in the Chinese literature from missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, lots of Western academic classification names with the combination of the western disciplines and the Chinese traditional disciplines. This paper attempts to, through the collection, collation and analysis of the Chinese literature from missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, study on the translation of western academic classification name, including the following parts:The first part is the introduction. This part illustrates the reasons why the topic of this paper is selected and introduces the situation of the research on academic disciplines classification and names. It also analyses the meaning of this research on deepening the study on loanwords in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and enriching the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary, etc. Besides, this paper states explicitly the ideas of this research, main contents and researching methods.The second part defines two concepts closely related to this paper: One concept is about the Chinese literature from Western missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, which refers to Chinese literature written mostly by missionaries or together with Chinese literary intelligentsia to spread Western literature from1582 to 1724. The other is the Western discipline classifications, referring to the words describing the knowledge and classifications in the Jesus education system during Europe Renaissance in European countries.The third part gives a synchronic description on the overview of Western discipline classifications in Chinese literature from missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In the description, the article clarifies the western discipline classifications in the literature according to the corresponding modern discipline classifications, which is divided into 14 categories. Then, in every category, the paper will give the distribution of the names of Western discipline classification in different forms in the Chinese missionary literature with tables. This part is the basis of this study, not only describing the basic features of Chinese translations of names of Western discipline classification in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, but also providing data analysis for the following chapters.The fourth part gives analyses on Western discipline classification in the Chinese missionary literature in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty from the two aspects of translation methods and structure types. In terms of the translation methods, there are four types, transliteration?free translation?free translation after transliteration?using Chinese inherent words. In terms of structure types, the syllable structure is characterized by multi syllable and the composition structure is mainly composed of Partial formal?verb-object formal.The fifth part sorts out the uses of the Western discipline classification names in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and the evolution of its development. Some of the Western discipline classification names in the middle and late Qing Dynasty are from the names translated by the missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. However, in most cases, a new name is created.The sixth part inquires into the influences of Western discipline classification names in the Chinese missionary literature in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty on modern times Chinese vocabulary. New concepts of Western discipline classification names are introduced into China from the Chinese missionary literature in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty Missionaries, filling up the Chinese vocabulary system,expanding the scope of the Chinese original words, and increasing the number of partial formal disyllabic words in Chinese vocabulary system...