On Gramsci’s Historicist Thoughts In "Practical Philosophy"

Gramsci’s "practical philosophy" is synonymous with Marxist philosophy,and it is also the understanding and interpretation of "new" Marxist philosophy.This paper first focuses on the core of gramsci’s historicism,that is,man’s historical subject status,to analyze the basic connotation of his though.He understood Marx’s historical materialism as absolute historicism centered on "human",creatively answered the question "what is human?",And revealed the possibility that human nature and human nature can be realized in the historical process,dedicated to saving humanity and liberating humanity.In his view,the fundamental reason why people lose their human nature in a capitalist society is that they cannot understand themselves.Therefore,he regards "what is human?" as the basic question of philosophical research.Secondly,this article studied Gramsci’s "construction" of historicism on the basis of "criticism".He criticized errors in vulgar materialism and idealism.Vulgar materialism resists the crisis of capitalism in the form of nonviolence in order to make a peaceful transition to socialist society,while idealism is to maintain the established order of capitalist society through false masks such as religion and theology.Based on the reality of capitalist society,he exposes the false mask of capitalist society,criticizes the ideology of capitalist society,and breaks the dominance of capitalist ideology,so that "people" can realize themselves.He started with "what is human?" to explain Marx’s historical materialism,and in the process of criticizing the wrong ideology of capitalism,people were largely returned from "other shore" to "this shore".Again,the "new" philosophical system of historicalism "constructed" by Gramsci is the absorption of Marx’s classic texts,which is worthy of recognition,and can persistently explore the correct path of revolutionary practice based on reality.His critical spirit and tenacity are worthy of our study and admiration.This article objectively and fairly evaluated his historicism,and comprehensively analyzed its rationality and limitations.His "absolute historicism" tried to resist the fatalism and mechanical determinism in the capitalist society by emphasizing human subjectivity and revolutionary practical actions,and to eliminate the antinomy between the "theory andpractice" "content and form" "subject and object" "thinking and being" relations that cannot be solved by classical German philosophy.However,he unilaterally emphasized the status and role of "human" and "human will" in history,ignoring the material ontology of Marxist philosophy,which led him to unilaterally interpret Marx’s historical materialism as the sense of Kant "establishing law for nature by human",tried to build a human world centered on human survival and development which is emphasizing human equality and freedom.Finally,this thesis explores how Gramsci combined Marx’s historical materialism with Italian revolutionary practice by systematically studying the historical ideas in Gramsci’s "Practical Philosophy." Contemporary enlightenment is derived from his historical thought itself,telling us that in the process of advancing the innovation of Marxist philosophical theory,we should be based on the external world of objective reality,on practice,and on human freedom and liberation.Constructing contemporary Chinese philosophy and social science on the stand and direction of adhering to Marxist philosophy.