Fu Shan’s poetry theory is a relatively lack of attention in his many cultural and artistic creations.In his collection of frost red niches,Fu Shan left more than 40 volumes of Miscellaneous Poems and verses,most of which are simple and scattered,few of which contain valuable poetry theory criticism.Most scholars regard Fu Shan’s poetry theory as a vassal of his philosophy and poetry creation research,and "mention it by the side" in the form of a few words,which fails to build an independent and complete research system,and lacks the consciousness of regarding it as an independent research object.Occasionally,there are more or less problems.In the late Ming Dynasty,the great transformation period in the history of thought,when discussing Fu Shan’s poetry theory,the identity of his philosopher should not be ignored by us.In other words,his poetry theory is closely related to his philosophy,and anti Neo Confucianism(anti Daoism)is the main thread of his poetry theory throughout.The paper is divided into four parts.The first part discusses the origin of Fu Shan’s poetics.Confucianism,Zi Xue and Shi Xue,all of which together influenced the formation of Fu Shan’s academic thought,and his poetic theory also showed the characteristics of diversity and heterogeneity.As a traditional scholar bureaucrat,Fushan’s personality ideal of "cultivating Qi and governing Ping" has always been accompanied by him,and he has paid attention to the practical use of poetry with satirical beauty.Among them,Buddhism and Daoism are the most important ones,and the theory and method of "dining and gathering" are extracted from them.At the same time,Fushan was the most powerful promoter of the practical thoughts in the early Qing Dynasty.The viewpoint of "saving the world,saving the time,and serving the practical" in his poetry theory was formed under the direct influence of practical learning.The second part discusses Fu Shan’s poetry values.Fu Shan’s poetry values are embodied in the equal emphasis on practical value and aesthetic value of poetry.Tracing back to the evolution of the field of thought in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,Cheng Zhu’s theory of mind gradually declined,and Yang Ming’s theory of mind flourished in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.When the Ming dynasty fell into the Qing Dynasty,the scholar officials called for practical learning to eliminate the last stream of metaphysical style of mind learning.The poetry of Neo Confucianism is based on the life of nature and morality,while Fushan attaches great importance to the "practicality" of poetry,which is one of the important manifestations of his poetry theory "anti Neo Confucianism".In addition,the inheritance of the Confucian traditional consciousness of "the rise and fall of the country" and the sense of responsibility of "national extinction and survival" and "following the records and describing the events" under the collective identity of the adherents are also the theoretical roots of Fu Shan’s emphasis on practical poetry.In addition,under the background of the great transformation of thought,poetry has always been forced to be neglected.It is unnecessary to say that Neo Confucianism imprisons poetry.Too much emphasis on practical work also leads to the deviation of literary tool theory.Fu Shan’s view on poetry is that we should attach importance to literariness and not abandon the aesthetic value of poetry.The third part discusses Fu Shan’s theory of poetry creation.The poetry circle of Ming Dynasty was always surrounded by "retro",and the retro theorists,represented by the former and the latter,guided the creation of poems to imitate the following ways.In fact,there was a common original intention of "anti Neo Confucianism" between the Ming Dynasty’s Retro theorists and Fushan.However,the former had a contradiction between "law" and "emotion".Fu Shan directly exposed the disease of "attaching importance to law but not to emotion",and called for the return of the traditional Confucian principles and methods of "emotion as poetry" and "Qi as poetry".Fu Shan’s "Qi" is broader and deeper than the former in scope and content,which is also the transcendence of Fu Shan’s theory of the retro school.The fourth part discusses Fu Shanqi’s poetry style theory.Fu Shan’s poetry theory is compatible with the two different periods of the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.Fushan is the most radical one who advocates simplicity.This tolerance is the spirit of freedom of mind learning,which is the reflection of the steady,qualitative and real nature of practical learning.Fu Shan has summed up two styles of "unconventional and heroic" and "romantic love",which are his counteraction to the single style of literature under the confinement of Neo Confucianism.As for the cause of style,Fu Shan attributes it to the combination of subjective factors such as "emotion,knowledge,ability and ability" and objective factors such as "time".Both of them are mutually beneficial and indispensable,from which we can see the dialectic and comprehensive of Fu Shan’s thought. |