| The draft for painting teaching,as a form of picture copybook,not only blends the artist’s drawing techniques and theoretical thoughts,but also reflects the apprentice style as well as teaching philosophy.A lesson draft is the epitome of social art teaching at that time,which records the historical changes of painting and carries the responsibility of inheriting national culture and art.Chinese traditional paintings have been spread for thousands of years with picture copybook as the medium,and their content style was finalized in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.At the node of the history of art education in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Gong Xian’s landscape "Drafts for Painting Teaching" played a key role in serving as a link between past and future.In terms of the contents of draft sketch,Gong Xian’s class drawings brought together the basic painting methods of traditional landscapes;in terms of the form of draft sketch,it created a basic paradigm for subsequent landscape painting;in the art education level,it has a guiding role in the copying and creation of landscape paintings since the Qing Dynasty.It still has typical paradigmatic significance and strong practical value today,and provides a feasible idea for current art education work.At present,academic research about Gong Xian focuses on his painting techniques,aesthetic interpretation of images,research on life associations,calligraphy and poems,etc.In terms of art education,his research is mainly on the “Drafts for Painting Teaching” technique and theory research as well as teaching ideas and its impact and inspiration on landscape painting in later generations.However,the research on the origin of Gong Xian’s "Drafts for Painting Teaching" is still relatively shallow,which lacks the understanding of their status and value in the history of art education in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.How to reappear Gong Xian’s “Drafts for painting teachings” in today’s art education will also be the focus of this research.This research focuses on Gong Xian’s landscape "Drafts for Painting Teaching",based on aesthetics,philosophy and other principles,exploring technical drawing and annotation painting ideas,tracing the theory of landscape painting and famous classics,searching for its sources and forming path,and tracing the impact of Gong Xian’s "Drafts for Painting Teaching" on the Ming and Qing landscapes picture copybook,and the new significance of Gong Xian’s educational thoughts and models on universal art education in primary and secondary schools in the context of the new era,and the practical significance of enhancing cultural self-confidence,consciousness and inheritance.Gong Xian lived in the time of unrest in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the court had internal and external troubles,and a large number of scholar-bureaucrats chose to express their feelings through poetry and painting so as to obtain spiritual liberation and spiritual sustenance.It is just such a historical background that has promoted the development of social literature and art and accelerated the consciousness of folk art.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,combining with the development foundation of the previous block carving and inscription technology,the drawing of publications of paintings at this time has increased greatly,and their circulation in the market has also increased.Gong Xian’s“Drafts for Painting Teaching” was thus popularized and spread in society.The painting contents and draft sketch formed the basis for the subsequent landscapes picture copybook.Based on this era and artistic background,this research traces the source of Gong Xian’s “Drafts for Painting Teaching” internal painting principles,sorts out the flow of its theoretical art clearly,and explores the joint impact of the educational ideas of Gong Xian’s picture copybook for future art on education and educators,and puts forward realistic reflections on the current school’s strengthening of aesthetic education.For traditional culture and art,researchers must not only look at the past from the present,but also look at the present from the future.Chinese traditional picture copybook has the role of inheriting the historical and cultural values of the past,which also has the role of giving new meaning and new thinking as the times change.Gong Xian’s art is a key part of studying landscape art in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and his lesson draft also serve as a link between past and future.Through the research of Gong Xian’s “Drafts for Painting Teaching”,this paper attempts to restore the development process of Gong Xian’s traditional landscape painting and reshape the realistic value of Gong Xian in contemporary art education. |
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