Analysis Of The Causes And Countermeasures Of Scientific Research Misconduct Based On The Benefit-Cost Model

The frequent occurrence of scientific research misconduct has aroused widespread concern and discussion from all fields of society in recent years.Scientific research misconduct is a major problem that has been forbidden by the academic circles all over the world.Many researchers in various countries have made in-depth discussions on its formation mechanism and inhibition measures from the perspectives of philosophy,law,psychology and so on.From the perspective of economics,this paper focuses on the analysis of the implementation and management subjects of scientific research misconduct.According to the basic economic logic,rational economic people in scientific research activities will pursue the maximization of their own interests,that is,they will consciously or unconsciously judge whether to implement the misconduct according to the benefit cost analysis of scientific research misconduct.The expected income of misconduct includes direct material income,promotion of education and professional title,scientific research status and influence;while the cost is generally composed of direct cost,risk cost and indirect cost composed of production cost and transaction cost.The key to restrain the misconduct is to make the expected profit far less than the cost,so that the researchers can avoid the misconduct under the rational drive.Under the current scientific research management system and the overall academic atmosphere,the benefits of academic misconduct are far beyond the cost,which is also the root of the repeated prohibition of scientific research misconduct.Reducing the expected income or increasing the cost of misconduct can both directly reduce the income.However,the strong camouflage of research misconduct will reduce the income of misconduct and seriously damage the interests of the normal researchers who work hard.Therefore,we focus on increasing the cost of misconduct in this study.The risk cost and spiritual cost account for the largest proportion in the cost of misconduct,and they are directly affected by scientific research management system and academic moral atmosphere.From the perspective of risk cost analysis,the information asymmetry between the contracting parties of the current system of scientific research projects,the high information cost of scientific research activities and the defects of the deviation of the interests of the contracting parties result in the lack of restraint on the research misconduct personnel.In addition,there are individual preferences and limited rationality in scientific research management institutions.In addition,institutional change will bring conflicts of interest among scientific research project application group,scientific research management group and project application and acceptance evaluation group,which will inevitably lead to defects in the process of institution formulation,reform and improvement.These factors are the institutional soil for scientific research misconduct.But the system is not omnipotent,the system is limited while the reality is infinite.Only by increasing the inner spiritual cost,the academic morality and the overall research environment of the researchers,and then raising the overall cost of the misconduct,can the misconduct be fundamentally restrained.From the perspective of spiritual cost analysis,the invasion of capital to universities brings about the capitalization and privatization of knowledge,which leads to the alienation of academic culture,system,internal characteristics of universities and researchers,and forms the spiritual soil for the breeding of scientific research misconduct.According to the above analysis,this paper puts forward the comprehensive governance measures based on system correction and academic moral construction,and suggests that the identification probability and punishment strength of the implementer of scientific research misconduct and the subject of joint and several liability should be increased in the system,the economic man attribute of scientific research personnel should be weakened in the academic moral construction,and the sense of identity and self-esteem should be improved,so as to provide reference for the governance and suppression of scientific research misconduct.