A Study Of Independence Process Of Sudan:from 1942 To 1956

From 1820 to 1956,Egypt,Mahdi,and the Anglo-Egyptian government,which ruled Sudan,respectively shaped Sudan’s nationalism from different sides.From 1923 to 1924,black Muslim intellectuals,religious class and soldier class in the southern part of the country successively stepped onto the historical stage of Sudan.The soldier class launched a 1924 revolution with a sign-changing significance,prompting Britain to adjust its ruling strategy.The signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936 stimulated the national sentiment of Sudan,leading to the establishment of the Graduate Congress in 1938,which marked the rise of nationalism in Sudan.In 1942,Sudanese intellectuals,encouraged by both inside and outside,expressed their political demands to the Sudanese government,which marked the increase of Sudan’s national consciousness.Afterwards,the British forced pressure from Egypt to claim the sovereignty of Sudan,and turned to support the Sudanese nationalists.After the end of World War II,Egypt insisted on the "unification of the Nile Valley" and engaged in fierce disputes with Britain and Sudan around the status of Sudan.The recognition of Egypt’s symbolic sovereignty in the "Bevin-Sidky Protocol" negotiated between Britain and Egypt made Egypt extremely dissatisfied,leading Egypt to resort to the United Nations in July 1947,but the outcome of the confrontation ended with the British victory.After that,the negotiations between the two parties ended in vain,causing Egypt to announce the abolition of the Anglo-Egyptian condominium in October 1951.Egypt ’s unilateral abolition of the treaty has deepened the dissatisfaction of the Sudanese people and strengthened Sudan ’s belief in independence.After the July 1952 Revolution,Egypt took the initiative to adjust the Sudanese policy,and in 1953 signed a "multi-party agreement" with representatives of Sudanese political parties,so that the political forces in northern Sudan basically reached their own political goals.Since then,Britain has actively promoted the establishment of an autonomous government in Sudan,and the National United Party unexpectedly won the election.In March 1954,the large-scale riots in Sudan caused by the Egyptian President ’s visit to the Soviet Union greatly accelerated the Sudanization process.The Sudanese people finally took control of their own destiny in August 1955.At the same time,the rebellion in the South accelerated the independence that the North led.After the Sudanese parliament passed an independence resolution,the British firm supportive attitude made the originally ambiguous Egypt also decide to follow the trend and make Sudan independent.On January1,1956,Sudan officially became independent.This article uses the British decryption archives,based on the relevant research results of academia,using time sequence as a clue,analyzes the British decision-making process in Sudan’s independence process and the game of independence between the United Kingdom,Egypt,and Sudan,which has affected the historical development of Sudan.problem.In the process of Sudan’s independence,Britain was deeply influenced by the decision-making model,the empire complex and the shadow of the Cold War,which enabled Britain to achieve Sudan’s independence on the basis of coordinating "constitutional reform" and "multi-ethnic federation".