A Study Of The Counterfactual Sentence "RuGuo P,Zao Q"

Counterfactuality is one of the hot topics in the field of linguistics in the past decade.However,the current research on counterfactual cases is far from enough.This paper carries out the research on the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q",in order to fill the gap and throw the bricks into jade.The main contents of this article are as follows:On the basis of systematically summarizing the research results of counterfactual categories at home and abroad,the introduction part defines the Counterfactual Sentences,hypothetical sentences and virtual sentences in Chinese,and then observes the differences between the three and the semantic differences.The first chapter mainly examines the syntactic features of the typical format and variants of "Ru Guo P,Zao Q".There are four types of "Ru Guo P,Zao Q"variants:the Single Type,the Inverted Type,the Extended Type and the Cross Type.The second chapter analyzes the semantic features of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q" from four aspects:logical meaning,negative meaning,cognitive meaning and factual semantic features.First,its logical meaning is reflected in that the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q"is a sufficient conditional hypothesis proposition with a true value condition,which is false permanently in the real world.Second,its negative meaning is that the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q"belongs to pragmatic negation,and can be verified by the Subtest Test and the Question Test.Thirdly,its cognitive meaning is manifested as the strong subjectivity of the sentence.It is often subjectively expressed by modal verbs,and the distribution of various types of modal verbs is unbalanced.Fourth,the factual semantic features of the sentence include the Violations of Traits,Violations of Behaviors,and Violations of Mentality.The third chapter study time categories of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q",Which can be divided into specific time categories and abstract time categories.The specific time category mainly examines marks’ type and location of the time point and the time period.The abstract time category is to explore tense and aspect of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q".Its aspect can be embodied in lexical level and grammatica level.The aspect of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q" in lexical level is expressed by the genre type of predicate,which can be classifies through the three criteria of supretype,persistence and dynamics;while there five aspects in grammatical level:the perfective aspect,the persisting aspect,the experiential aspect,the inchoate aspect and the continued aspect,of which the perfective aspect has the highest frequency.The fourth chapter is based on the functional linguistics,and explains the expressive function of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q"from the aspects of interpersonal function and textual function.The interpersonal function of the Counterfactual Sentence"Ru Guo P,Zao Q"mainly manifests as truth value expression,strong subjectivity and face maintenance,and there are three textual functions:textual cohesion,topic conversion and textual complementation.The fifth chapter summarizes the study of this paper and tries to point out some shortcomings of this research.