Study On Coastal Maps Of Guangdong Local Chorography During Ming And Qing Dynasty

Chapter 1 is a collection of 140 local chronicles and 1000 maps about Guangdong coastal area during Ming and Qing Dynasty in terms of union catalogue of Chinese local chronicles and by consulting more than twenty series including Chinese local chronicles series,Chinese local chronicles integration,the palace museum rare periodicals,China rare chorography periodicals in Japanese collection,Ancient rare books in Beijing library periodicals,Rare chronicles in Shanghai library collection and Nanjing library collection,tianyi pavilion offprint local chorography in Ming dynasty,the Chinese local chronicles rare proceedings,the Si Ku Quan Shu,the continuation books of Siku Quanshu and so on.In this chapter,the dissertation demonstrates the situation of Guangdong coastal chronicles and maps during the Ming and Qing Dynasty,analyzes coastal maps step by step,classifies local chronicles and maps reasonably and differentiates and analyzes Japanese pirates invasion roadmaps in Yue Da Ji in Wanli Period and Guangdong general layouts in Guangdong Genenral Annuals in Daoguang Period.With 1718 years of Emperor kangxi and overview diagram,and the light of Annals of guangdong "guangdong and general layout",Light of the Annals of guangdong"zhaoqing general layout and light the zhaoqing city government record in zhaoqing general,Kangxi Raoping county annals and guangxu Raoping county annals map,Argue about the interdependent relations between local chronicles and separate local maps.At the end of this chapter,describe the situation of too many,mixed and disorder symbols and analyze the reasons why there are so many faults in local chronicles.Chapter 2,thins chapter demonstrates Guangdong coastal defense situation and thoughts of coastal defense in three periods(Ming Dynasty、Before the Opium War、The late Qing Dynasty)during the Ming and Qing Dynasty by using photos.In describing coastal defense idea of Ming Dynasty,for lack of local chronicle maps in early periods,form reasons,core institution,coastal defense situation and ideas are stated by citing related documents.For late Ming Dynasty,by using Cang wu zong du jun men zhi and Yue da ji in the Guangdong coastal maps about ocean current,terrain,harbors,water army deployment and marks of land defense bureau,xunjiansi and politic centers to judge coastal defense idea of Ming Dynasty.This shows that during Huzong xian administration,the content of costal defense was sea and defense idea ie mainly focusing on sea defensing and destroying enemies on the sea.Later during wanli period,comprehensive defense that is balance of sea and land defense became the main idea of sea defense,and navy became stronger.At the end of Ming Dynasty,Chuangwang uprising,the rising of later Jin Dynasty,the Ming government focused on the land conflicts and navy was in paralysis.Before the Opium War,the dissertation argues that before destruction of Zhen Group,sea defense mainly focused on defending coast fortresses,especially in the east of Guangdong Province by using maps in Guangdong annuals of Kangxi Period and demonstration of costal area that hadn’t been mapped.The core idea of sea defense was sea ban and ignorance of sea and drawing of costal political region by design.After the collapse of Zhen Group,the dissertation talks about the shift of sea defense center into Guangzhou,because of the demand of defending against foreign enemies and trade exchange.Qing government expanded barbette,deployed five camps,five association and four towns defense power,totally thirty eight thousand navy forces,one hundred and forty five barbettes,four hundred battleships,the main point was still coastal defense.All these are studied basing on maps in Gaozhou prefecture topography of Qianlong period,collection of Guangdong sea defense,sea defense of early period of Qing Dynasty:Idea and Institution,study on Guangdong sea defense of early Qing Dynasty,History of Guangdong Sea Defense and some other academic works.For the late Qing Dynasty,because local chronicles lacks related sea defense maps to state the late Qing Dynasty sea defense and situation of Guangdong sea coast,the dissertation talks about the main sea defense idea of late Qing Dynasty,and under this influence,the construction of Guangdong navy by taking advantage of Navy history of late Qing Dynasty,History of Diplomatic Affairs in Late Qing Dynasty,materials on modern Chinese history series and Guangdong sea defense history and other academic papers.Chapter 3,the dissertation chose Qingzhou as an example to argue about map drawing faults of Songjing and Jiming Villages in Guangdong Coastal Map in Yue Da Ji of Wanli period and Bailongwei faults in Longying Sea Situation Map in Qinzhou Chronicle of Daoguang period and the direction drawing faults of Da and Xiao ludun,Bailongwei and Diaoyutai in Qinzhou Map of chong zhen Lianzhou Chronicle.Besides,by using chronicle maps and writing to show the fact the Jiangping and Bailong had been China’s territory since the Ming Dynasty and present the change process of boundaries between China and Vietnam in Ming and Qing Dynasty:from 1368 to 1406,boundary of China and Vietnam was within 200 li of the copper cylinder in Qinzhou;from 1407 to 1426,Vietnam from belongs to the Ming dynasty,there is no border;from 1427 to 1540,boundary of China and Vitnam in Qinzhou Shiluo and Tielang,both were connected with Annan and most of Ruxi belonged to Annan;From 1541 to 1644,according to records of Tiji and Songjing in Qingzhou Map in Lianzhou Chronicle of Chongzhen Period,Qinzhou Chronicle of Daoguang Period and written by Zhangj in xin,it is true that the boundary of Vietnam and China was that Jinle was bounded by Tanlin River,Yage Mangxi River,Siling by Sanqi River and Gusen by Gusen River,while on the sea islands,the boundary was in the west or to the west of Songjing.After the collapse of Ming Dynasty and establishment of Qing Dynasty,Vietnam surrendered to Qing government,and they bound the relations of clan and vassal.Till 1885,Vietnam and China kept the international boundary bound In Qinzhou at the end of Ming Dynasty.In 1885,China and France bound the boundary of China and Vietnam,Jiangping,Huangzhu and Bailong wei again returned to motherland.The boundary of China and Vietnam boundary kept the same till the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.