Application Of Go/NoGo Task In Evaluating Executive Function And Response Inhibition Ability Of Insomniacs

Objective:The aim of our study was to use the Go/No Go task to analyze in quantitative the character of executive function or response inhibition in insomnia.Meanwhile,to discuss whether different ERP parameters as amplitudes or latencies were distinguished differently between PI group and NC group;to analyse whether the differences found in electrophysiological level can be demonstrated on the behavioral level,or electrophysiological changes are correlated with clinical variables;to eveluate whether abnormal response inhibition is correlated with specific brain regions,such as prefrontal,temporal,or others.Methods:In this study,30 patients with insomnia were enrolled in the clinic of the Frist Hospital of Jilin University from January 2020 to January 2021 and 30 normal controls were selected who were matched in age,gender,education,both according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.General clinical data,behavioral data N2 and P3 of ERP parameters and polysomnography（PSG）parameters such as Sleep efficiency（SE,%）,Arousal index（ARI）,Total sleep time（TST,min）,Percentage（%）of Stages 1（N1）,2（N2）and 3+4（N3）and rapid eye movement（REM）were collected and neuropsychological scale tests were preformed.There are mainly miniMental Status Examination（MMSE）,Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale（Mo CA）,Hamiton Anxiety Scale（HAMD）,Hamiton Depression Scale（HAMD）and Pittsburgh sleep Qulity Index（PSQI）.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics 26.Descriptive data were presented as mean ± standard error（?x±s）.Two independent sample t test was used for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance,and t’ test was used for non-homogeneity of variance on measurements of behavioral data and ERP data,under Go vs.No Go condition respectively between-subject factors.The significance level was set at 0.05.Two-tailed Pearson’s r correlation was performed between education,BMI,duration,anxiety,depression,polysomnography（PSG）parameters and ERP dates.Results:Difference of N2 or P3 between PI group and NC group.Under Go condition,the N2-latency located in midline or left temporal area of PI group was longer than NC group,the N2-amplitude located in central-parietal area of PI group was lower than NC group,the P3-latency located in prefrontal-frontal area of PI group or temporal area was longer than NC group,and the P3-amplitude located in temporal area of insomnia group was lower in PI group than NC group.Under No Go condition,the N2-latenty located in midline area of PI group was longer than NC group,the N2-amplitude located in frontal-parietal area or temporal area of PI group was higher than NC group,the P3-latency located in Prefrontal-frontal area,parietal or temporal area of PI group was longer than NC group,and the P3-amplitudes located in central area of PI group was higher than NC group.Correlation analysis between gender,education,BMI,duration,anxiety,depression,sleep structure and N2 or P3.Latency of male group was longer than female group and amplitude of male group was lower than female group.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between duration and N2 or P3 located in frontal,midline and temproal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between duration and N2 located in left-parietal area.Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between BMI and N2 or P3 located in frontal area.Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between education and N2 or P3 located in frontal or parietal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between anxiety and N2 or P3 located in left temporal-parietal area,and there was a significant correlation between depression and N2 or P3 located in frontal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between SE and N2 or P3 located in frontal,parietal,central area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between SE and N2 or P3 located in frontal,midline area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between ARI and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central-parietal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between ARI and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between TST and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central,parietal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between TST and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central,parietal,temporal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N1 and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central,parietal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N1 and P3 located in frontal,parietal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N2 and N2 or P3 located in frontal,central,parietal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N2 and N2 or P3 located in frontal,parietal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N3 and N2 or P3 located in temporal,occipital area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between N3 and N2 or P3 located in temporal,occipital,parietal area.Under Go condition,there was a significant correlation between REM and N2 located in rightparietal area;Under No Go condition,there was a significant correlation between REM and N2 or P3 located in frontal,parietal,occipital area.Conclusions:This study has revealed that insomnia may influence the executive function and response inhibition ability on the electrophysiological level.Abnormal changes in inhibition process or inhibition supervision can be represented as N2,P3 components under Go/No-go condition.Additionally,correlation analysis has been found between N2,P3 and gender,anxiety-depression,BMI,education,and sleep structure indicating that they had an impact on executive function and response inhibition ability in different degrees.