| Objective:1.To explore the characteristics of local gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients and the present situation and needs of prenatal health education,and to provide basis for the construction of prenatal structured education curriculum programme for patients with GDM.2.According to the demand analysis,combined with Taylor’s goal model,a set of prenatal structured education curriculum for GDM patients is constructed and applied,which lays the foundation for the implementation of structured education for GDM patients,with a view to improving the effect of health education for GDM patients and enhancing their self-care ability.Methods:1.Investigation and analysis of health education needs of GDM patients(1)We designed a structured education demand survey for GDM patients,selected 16 experts related to this research field to conduct two rounds of expert consultation,determined the contents of the survey,carried out pre-survey and reliability and validity test,and finally determined the survey which can be applied to the structured education demand survey of GDM patients in this study.(2)From May,2020 to October,2020,320 patients with GDM were selected by convenience sampling method,and the survey of needs of GDM patients was used to investigate.2.The construction of prenatal structured health education curriculum for GDM patients(1)Set up a research group on the construction of structured health curriculum plan for GDM patients,according to the demand analysis of target population,combined with the expert consensus of diabetes guidelines and clinical nursing practice guidelines for GDM and related literature review,guided by Taylor’s goal model and learning contract model,and following the standards of structured education projects.To draw up the first draft of the program of "Prenatal Structured Education Curriculum for GDM".(2)By adopting the method of expert meeting,14 experts from obstetrics,endocrinology,nutrition,nursing education,patient education,etc.,who are related to this research field,made on-the-spot review on the first draft of the program of structured prenatal education course for GDM,and put forward revision opinions.After the meeting ended,and the curriculum plan was further revised according to the expert opinions to form the revised version of the Prenatal Structured Education Curriculum for GDM.(3)Eight patients with GDM and two family members with GDM were selected and divided into two groups.The revised version of Prenatal Structured Education Course for GDM was applied to carry out preliminary practice,and the participants were interviewed in groups,and the interview data were sorted out and analyzed to refine the theme.According to the interview results,the curriculum plan was revised and improved again,and the final draft of the Prenatal Structured Education Curriculum for GDM was formed.Results:1.The results of structured education demand survey for GDM patientsAfter two rounds of expert consultation,a structured education demand survey for GDM patients is constructed,which includes 3 demand topics and 24 demand items.2.Survey and analysis of structured education needs of GDM patientsThe age of 315 GDM patients ranged from 21 to 42 years,with an average age of31.64 years.Most patients with GDM have college education or above,and their family income is in good condition.At the same time,more than 50% of GDM patients have some problems,such as unreasonable diet structure,preference for sweets,low frequency of physical activity,and irregular self-monitoring behavior of blood sugar.Patients with GDM have high demand for knowledge and skills such as "the influence of disease on mother and child,treatment plan,prevention and treatment of complications,diet management,weight control,exercise guidance,blood sugar management and high-risk factors";In addition,there is a high demand for "individualized and standardized health education courses,health education instruction manuals,slide lectures,demonstration and explanation with pictures,and group health education methods".3.Preliminary drawing up the results of constructing the prenatal structured education curriculum for GDM patientsThe structured prenatal education curriculum GDM patients is based on four aspects: teaching objectives,teaching content,teaching organization and teaching evaluation.The teaching objectives include knowledge,skills and emotion,and the teaching contents include four topics: basic knowledge of GDM and blood glucose monitoring,diet management,exercise guidance and psychological management.Teaching organization includes designing matching teaching kits and applying corresponding teaching methods;Teaching evaluation includes diagnostic evaluation,process evaluation and summary evaluation.The above contents are embodied in the teaching kit of prenatal structured education for GDM patients,including teaching plan books,teaching courseware,teaching tools,reference books for GDM patients,etc.4.Revision results of prenatal structured education curriculum for GDM patientsExperts’ opinions are as follows:(1)The curriculum plan needs to be further standardized;(2)The curriculum plan should be more "grounded",rich and practical;(3)The content of the course plan should be as simple and easy to understand as possible.According to the experts’ opinions,the teaching objectives,teaching contents,teaching organization and teaching evaluation were revised,and the revised version of "prenatal structured education curriculum for GDM patients" was formed.5.Preliminary practice results of prenatal structured education curriculum scheme for GDM patientsThe topics formed by the preliminary practice include:(1)High satisfaction with GDM prenatal structured education curriculum,reasonable curriculum setting and clear content;(2)Eager to receive special GDM health education;(3)Health guidance methods that like "interactive" teaching and tend to respect personal wishes and preferences;(4)It is helpful to improve cognition,standardize self-management behavior and obtain family support;(5)Educators should express their language in a popular way and speak slowly.According to the preliminary practice results of the curriculum plan,the curriculum plan was revised again to form the final draft of the prenatal structured education curriculum for GDM patients.Conclusions:1.The experts’ positive degree,authority degree,coordination degree and concentration degree of the structured education demand survey for GDM patients compiled in this study are all high,and the survey formed is scientific,effective and practical.2.Local patients with gestational diabetes have high demand for disease-related knowledge,self-management skills and emotional adjustment,and lack of correct cognition and standardized self-management of the disease.It is urgent to provide personalized,standardized,systematic and sustainable structured education curriculum for GDM patients.3.The program of structured prenatal education curriculum for GDM patients constructed,revised and preliminarily practiced in this study is scientific,normative and practical in clinical practice,and can be further applied and popularized in clinical practice. |
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