| Objective: To deeply understand and analyze the high-risk factors of asthma in children under 5 years old,in order to provide reference for the early prevention of asthma in children under 5 years old.Methods: In this study,from July 1,2017 to May 31,2019,1,000 children with asthma under the age of 5 who were treated in the Pediatric Clinic of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital were selected as the asthma group,and 300 Non-asthmatic children under the age of 5 who were treated in the same department during the same period were selected as the control group.The basic information of the two groups of children was counted using questionnaire surveys,and the general information,family conditions,personal history,mothers’ pregnancy conditions,living environment,and allergen screening results of the two groups of children were compared.,Use binary classification logistics to analyze high-risk factors for children with asthma.Results:(1)Basic information: There was no statistically significant difference in basic information such as gender,age,and place of residence between children in the asthma group and the control group(P>0.05);(2)Family history: the history of smoking by mothers of children in the asthma group,The proportion of family history of eczema was higher than that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The proportion of children in the asthma group with a history of father smoking,family history of rhinitis,family history of asthma,and history of food and drug allergy was significantly higher than that of the control group,And the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);(3)Related disease information: the proportion of allergic rhinitis,pertussis and wheezing in the asthma group was not statistically different from the control group(P>0.05),asthma The proportion of children with a history of eczema/atopic dermatitis,diarrhea/constipation and respiratory infection within one year of birth in the group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);(4)Diet and medication information: asthma group There was no significant difference in the proportion of immunomodulators and paracetamol used between the children and the control group(P>0.05).The amount of salt used in the asthma group exceeded the standard,the use of antibiotics and n-3(Ω-3)polyunsaturated fatty acids(The proportion of children with insufficient intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-3 PUFAs)was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);(5)Maternal fertility information: There was no statistically significant difference between the parity,parity,number of births,and gestational weeks of the mothers in the asthma group and the control group(P>0.05);the mothers in the asthma group had normal delivery and pure lactation The proportion of children with breast milk was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the proportion of children in the asthma group whose maternal weight gain during pregnancy was >300g/week and whose early pregnancy reaction was moderate to severe was significantly higher than that of the control group,and The difference is statistically significant(P<0.05);(6)Positive rate of allergen test: During the investigation,43 children in the control group received allergen screening,and 348 children in the asthma group received allergen screening.The current inhalation of the asthma group The positive rate of allergen test and food allergen positive rate were 67.24% and 60.92%,respectively,which were higher than27.91% and 23.26% of the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);(7)Independent influencing factor: Oral delivery,Exclusive breastfeeding,history of respiratory infections,father’s smoking history,eczema/atopic dermatitis,antibiotic use,family history of rhinitis,family history of asthma,maternal weight gain during pregnancy,early pregnancy reaction,and n-3 PUFAs intake are all children with asthma Independent influencing factors of occurrence(P<0.05).Conclusion: 1.Oral delivery and exclusive breastfeeding are the protective factors for children with asthma under 5 years of age;2.History of father smoking,history of eczema/specific dermatitis,antibiotic use,family history of rhinitis,family history of asthma,mother Excessive weight gain during pregnancy,severe early pregnancy reactions,insufficient intake of n-3 PUFAs,and history of respiratory infections are risk factors for asthma in children under 5 years of age. |
